自我意识情绪非言语行为表达图片系统的初步编制和评定及其在研究中的运用

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2025.1745

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究拟初步编制一套具有多维度、标准化的自我意识情绪非言语行为表达图片系统, 然后采用该图片系统探讨自我意识情绪对时距知觉的影响。研究1首先招募20名表演者(男、女表演者各半, 平均年龄19.35 ± 1.39岁)进行非言语行为表达图片拍摄, 共生成479张图片, 然后招募103名大学生(男生48名, 女生55名, 平均年龄18.53 ± 0.70岁)对479张图片进行情绪类别和维度评定(愉悦度、唤醒度、优势度)。结果表明：(1)共生成389张图片, 包括中性36张, 羞耻124张, 自豪107张, 尴尬122张; (2)发现了新的手部动作, 如手扯衣角(羞耻)、单手挠头(尴尬)、单手举过头顶(自豪)。(3)本图片系统内部一致性系数较高; (4)相较中性图片, 自豪具有高愉悦度、高唤醒、高优势度; 羞耻具有低愉悦度、高唤醒、低优势度; 尴尬具有低愉悦度、高唤醒、低优势度。这说明本图片系统可靠性较高, 可作为后续研究的自我意识情绪诱发材料。为了给研究1的图片库提供应用场景, 研究2招募正式实验112名被试(男生56名, 女生56名, 平均年龄为18.71 ± 0.94岁), 采用时距复制任务探讨羞耻、自豪、尴尬及中性情绪非言语行为表达图片对时距知觉的影响。结果表明,相比中性, 会短估羞耻和自豪情绪非言语行为表达图片的时距, 尴尬情绪非言语行为表达图片没有显著的时距知觉扭曲, 这些结果在标量计时模型框架内进行了解释。

关键词: 自我意识情绪, 非言语行为表达, 优势度, 愉悦度, 唤醒度

Abstract:

The nonverbal expression of self-conscious emotions plays a unique role in the social process. However, currently there is a lack of sufficient amount of emotional images with multiple emotional dimensions in standardized self-conscious emotions nonverbal behavior expression stimulus set in domestic and foreign researches, which may lead to problems such as the inability to control extraneous variables in psychology and cognitive neuroscience research and the lack of comparability of different laboratory research results. The purpose of this study is to develop a standardized Chinese self-conscious emotions nonverbal behavior expression stimulus set with multiple emotional dimensions, including three recognizable self-conscious emotions (pride, shame and embarrassment) and explore the effects of shame, pride, embarrassment on time perception.

Study 1 encompassed three sequential stages: preparatory phase, image production, and image evaluation. Stage 1 involved structured interviews and development of self-conscious emotion-eliciting scenarios. In Stage 2, twenty models (N = 20, 10 female) were participated in picture taking comprised three photography sub-stages: (1) models understood and felt emotions which were induced by the neutral and three self-conscious emotions pictures presented in the computer, (2) neutral pictures were taken photo when model was very calm, and (3) self-conscious emotions pictures were taken photo including three steps. Firstly, model imagined the emotional situation which induced their self-conscious emotions and to express. Secondly, the recordings of emotional situation stories were played in sequence (three stories of each emotion), and model felt and expressed. Thirdly, self-conscious emotions pictures compiled in domestic and foreign studies were presented on the computer screen successively, supplemented by nonverbal behavior expression clues, and model imitated and expressed. Finally, four hundred and seventy-nine pictures (N = 479) were preliminary filtered and produced. In Stage 3, one hundred and three participants (N = 103, 55 female), excluded from state anxiety and depression, were rated the pictures in two sessions, each lasting about an hour. The emotional classification and the valence of all pictures were rated for the first session. Arousal and dominance of all the pictures were rated for the second session.

The results of emotion classification showed that: (1) A total of Three hundred and eighty-nine pictures (N = 389) were generated, including 36 neutral pictures, 124 shame pictures, 107 pride pictures and 122 embarrassment pictures; (2) discovered new hand actions posed by models, such as hand pulling the hem of close (shame), scratching the head with one hand (embarrassment), and raising above the head with one hand (pride); (3) the internal consistency coefficient of the stimulus set was high; (4) compared with neutral pictures, pride was characterized by higher pleasure, higher arousal, higher dominance; Shame was characterized by lower pleasure, higher arousal, lower dominance; Embarrassment was characterized by lower pleasure, higher arousal, lower dominance.

In study 2, One hundred and twelve participants (N = 112, 56 female) were recruited to complete the time replication task and the picture evaluation task for the main experimental session, aiming to explore the effects of shame, pride, embarrassment on time perception. The results showed that relative to neutral picture, nonverbal behavior expressions picture of both shame and pride elicited significant temporal underestimation, whereas embarrassment nonverbal behavior expressions picture showed no significant temporal distortion.

In conclusion, this study developed a multi-dimensional and standardized Chinese self-conscious emotions nonverbal behavior expression stimulus set with good reliability, which provides the emotion-inducing picture material for the future research. Meanwhile, shame and pride led to underestimation of time perception, while embarrassment did not significantly distort time perception. These results were interpreted within the theoretical framework of the scalar timing model.

Key words: self-conscious emotions, nonverbal behavior expression, dominance, valence, arousal

中图分类号:

B842

尹华站, 刘鹏玉, 张丽. (2025). 自我意识情绪非言语行为表达图片系统的初步编制和评定及其在研究中的运用. 心理学报, 57(10), 1745-1761.

YIN Huazhan, LIU Pengyu, ZHANG Li. (2025). Preliminary development and evaluation of the Chinese self-conscious emotions nonverbal behavior expression stimulus set, and its application in research. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 57(10), 1745-1761.

图/表 15

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部位	非言语行为表达特征线索
眉	眉上扬(71.9)	皱眉(0)	眉下垂(0.7)	眉舒展(27.4)
眼	眼睁大(54.1)	两眼微眯(17.8)	两眼大小不变(27.4)
双眼注视方向	双眼注视上方(35.6)	双目平视(60)	双眼注视下方(3)
嘴	口紧抿(0.7)	嘴角上扬(86.7)	嘴角下垂(0.7)	口放松(11.9)
下巴	下巴前挺(46.7)	下巴后缩(5.9)	下巴放松(45.2)
两颊	微笑(65.9)	轻微的压抑的笑(8.9)	面部无笑容(1.5)	大笑(23)
头	头后仰(30.4)	头直立(66.7)	低头(1.5)
躯干	身体蜷缩(0)	身体直立(41.5)	身体舒展(57.8)
手臂	双手交叉胸前(13.3)	双手垂直放于两侧(45.9)	双手叉腰(17.8)	双手举过头部(8.9)	双手交叉下垂(3.7)	手触摸脸部(4.4)

部位	非言语行为表达特征线索
眉	眉上扬(71.9)	皱眉(0)	眉下垂(0.7)	眉舒展(27.4)
眼	眼睁大(54.1)	两眼微眯(17.8)	两眼大小不变(27.4)
双眼注视方向	双眼注视上方(35.6)	双目平视(60)	双眼注视下方(3)
嘴	口紧抿(0.7)	嘴角上扬(86.7)	嘴角下垂(0.7)	口放松(11.9)
下巴	下巴前挺(46.7)	下巴后缩(5.9)	下巴放松(45.2)
两颊	微笑(65.9)	轻微的压抑的笑(8.9)	面部无笑容(1.5)	大笑(23)
头	头后仰(30.4)	头直立(66.7)	低头(1.5)
躯干	身体蜷缩(0)	身体直立(41.5)	身体舒展(57.8)
手臂	双手交叉胸前(13.3)	双手垂直放于两侧(45.9)	双手叉腰(17.8)	双手举过头部(8.9)	双手交叉下垂(3.7)	手触摸脸部(4.4)

部位	非言语行为表达特征线索
眉	眉上扬(1.5)	皱眉(35.6)	眉下垂(60)	眉舒展(3)
眼	眼睁大(4.4)	两眼微眯(60.7)	两眼大小不变(33.3)
双眼注视方向	双眼注视上方(3)	双目平视(5.2)	双眼注视下方(91.1)
嘴	口紧抿(69.6)	嘴角上扬(0.7)	嘴角下垂(26.7)	口放松(3)
下巴	下巴前挺(7.4)	下巴后缩(78.5)	下巴放松(11.9)
两颊	微笑(2.2)	轻微的压抑的笑(28.9)	面部无笑容(57.8)	大笑(0)
头	头后仰(1.5)	头直立(5.9)	低头(92.6)
躯干	身体蜷缩(75.6)	身体直立(18.5)	身体舒展(5.2)
手臂	双手交叉胸前(5.2)	双手垂直放于两侧(30.4)	双手叉腰(0.7)	双手举过头部(1.5)	双手交叉下垂(27.4)	手触摸脸部(27.4)

部位	非言语行为表达特征线索
眉	眉上扬(1.5)	皱眉(35.6)	眉下垂(60)	眉舒展(3)
眼	眼睁大(4.4)	两眼微眯(60.7)	两眼大小不变(33.3)
双眼注视方向	双眼注视上方(3)	双目平视(5.2)	双眼注视下方(91.1)
嘴	口紧抿(69.6)	嘴角上扬(0.7)	嘴角下垂(26.7)	口放松(3)
下巴	下巴前挺(7.4)	下巴后缩(78.5)	下巴放松(11.9)
两颊	微笑(2.2)	轻微的压抑的笑(28.9)	面部无笑容(57.8)	大笑(0)
头	头后仰(1.5)	头直立(5.9)	低头(92.6)
躯干	身体蜷缩(75.6)	身体直立(18.5)	身体舒展(5.2)
手臂	双手交叉胸前(5.2)	双手垂直放于两侧(30.4)	双手叉腰(0.7)	双手举过头部(1.5)	双手交叉下垂(27.4)	手触摸脸部(27.4)

部位	非言语行为表达特征线索
眉	眉上扬(23.7)	皱眉(39.3)	眉下垂(20)	眉舒展(12.6)
眼	眼睁大(24.4)	两眼微眯(55.6)	两眼大小不变(18.5)
双眼注视方向	双眼注视上方(15.6)	双目平视(10.4)	双眼注视下方(65.9)
嘴	口紧抿(71.1)	嘴角上扬(13.3)	嘴角下垂(8.9)	口放松(5.9)
下巴	下巴前挺(17)	下巴后缩(53.3)	下巴放松(25.9)
两颊	微笑(11.1)	轻微的压抑的笑(69.6)	面部无笑容(8.1)	大笑(6.7)
头	头后仰(9.6)	头直立(20.7)	低头(66.7)
躯干	身体蜷缩(41.5)	身体直立(42.2)	身体舒展(11.9)
手臂	双手交叉胸前(4.4)	双手垂直放于两侧(26.7)	双手叉腰(0)	双手举过头部(4.4)	双手交叉下垂(17)	手触摸脸部(38.5)