ISSN 0439-755X
CN 11-1911/B
主办:中国心理学会
   中国科学院心理研究所
出版:科学出版社

心理学报 ›› 2009, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (05): 406-413.

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两位数的整体与局部加工

陈兰;翟细春;周新林   

  1. 北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室,北京 100875
  • 收稿日期:2007-02-09 修回日期:1900-01-01 发布日期:2009-05-30 出版日期:2009-05-30
  • 通讯作者: 周新林

Holistic and Componential Processing for Two-Digit Numbers

CHEN Lan;ZHAI Xi-Chun;ZHOU Xin-Lin   

  1. The State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
  • Received:2007-02-09 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2009-05-30 Published:2009-05-30
  • Contact: ZHOU Xin-Lin

摘要: 关于两位数的加工方式有整体加工说和局部加工说,实验证据主要来自数字数量控制/主动加工任务。本研究主要考察在数字数量自动加工任务中两位数的加工方式。实验一要求被试完成数量大小比较和物理大小比较两个任务,实验二只要求被试完成物理大小比较任务。结果是在数量比较任务和物理比较任务中都存在显著的个位十位一致性效应和数量物理一致性效应,这表明在两位数的数量主动和自动加工任务中均存在整体加工和局部加工两种方式。

关键词: 数字加工, 两位数, 整体加工, 局部加工

Abstract: A great deal of research has been conducted to investigate how people process two-digit numbers. Researchers have found that the time to compare two two-digit numbers decreases logarithmically with the absolute difference of two numbers, which suggests a holistic processing for two-digit numbers. However, some evidence seems to support additional componential processing. A number pair can be defined as compatible if the decade-magnitude comparison and the unit-magnitude comparison of the two numbers lead to the same result (e.g., 23 vs. 78, 2<7 and 3<8), and as incompatible if this is not the case (e.g., 29 vs. 84, 2<8 but 9>4). Subjects took longer to respond the unit-decade-incompatible number pairs than to the unit-decade-compatible number pairs. The unit-decade compatibility effect suggests that the magnitude of the unit digits of numbers in addition to the whole magnitude of the numbers is activated. However, previous studies on two-digit number processing have typically used tasks involving intentional processing of numerical magnitude. To intentionally process two-digit numbers, subjects need to pay attention to decade and unit digits serially or simultaneously, which may lead to componential processing. This study addressed whether componential processing is also involved in unintentional processing of the magnitude of numbers.
Stroop-like paradigm was applied. Sixteen undergraduate students participated in Experiment 1. They were asked to compare the physical size of two two-digit numbers, as well as the numerical magnitude of the two numbers (e.g., 23 vs. 78). Four hundred two-digit pairs consisting of the numbers between 21 and 98 were presented in Arabic notation, excluding numbers that contained 0 as unit (e.g., 30, 40) or the same digits for decade and unit (e.g., 22, 33). We manipulated the ratio of the physical size of two numbers (i.e., 1:1.1 vs. 1:1.2), the congruency of magnitude size and physical size, and the unit-decade-compatibility. To avoid confounding of the distance and problem size effect, we controlled overall distance and problem size between compatible and incompatible pairs. In addition, we also conducted Experiment 2 to avoid interference of intentional and unintentional processing. Twenty undergraduate students were asked to compare only the physical size of two two-digit numbers. Experimental design and procedure were same as Experiment 1, except the ratio of physical size of two numbers had three levels containing 1:1.1, 1:1.25 and 1:1.5.
The results from the magnitude comparison task in Experiment 1 replicated those found in previous studies involving the same tasks. Tasks involving physical size comparison in both Experiment 1 and Experiment 2 showed the effect of magnitude and physical size congruency. The effect supported holistic processing. The unit-decade-compatibility effect was evident for congruent number pairs, but there was no or a reverse effect for incongruent number pairs.
In sum, two-digit number processing can be componential as well as holistic in both unintentional and intentional processing of numerical magnitude.

Key words: Numerical processing, Two-digit numbers, Holistic processing, Componential processing