精神分裂症异常减弱的主动控制感：来自行为与ERP的证据

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2026.1113

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

主动控制感是指通过控制自己行为进而控制外部环境的主观体验。主动控制感异常被认为是精神分裂症的核心特征。然而, 现有研究对精神分裂症患者主动控制感异常的表现形式存在分歧, 其潜在神经机制也有待阐明。为系统考察这一问题, 本研究采用行为结合ERP的方法开展了2项实验。实验1随机选取精神分裂症患者103位, 健康对照组100位, 通过时距估计范式从行为层面考察精神分裂症患者主动控制感异常的表现形式。结果发现,与对照组相比, 精神分裂症患者组的主动控制感评分显著更低, 动作任务中的时间间隔估计显著更长, 意向捆绑程度显著更弱。这表明, 精神分裂症患者的主动控制感呈异常减弱的表现形式。实验2随机选取精神分裂症患者24位, 健康对照组24位, 结合ERP技术从动作前的运动意图与动作后的感觉预测, 进一步揭示精神分裂症患者主动控制感减弱的神经机制。结果发现, 在运动意图阶段, 精神分裂症患者的准备电位幅度增益显著弱于健康对照组, 这表明患者在运动意图生成阶段存在神经功能缺陷。在感觉预测阶段, 精神分裂症患者的N1抑制和P2抑制与对照组间的差异不显著, 这表明患者对自我诱发感觉刺激的预测性抑制功能相对保留。这些研究发现共同说明精神分裂症患者主动控制感的异常减弱可能主要源于意图生成阶段的神经功能缺陷。综上, 本研究发现提示, 未来干预研究可优先考虑以运动意图相关脑区作为潜在靶点, 以改善精神分裂症患者的主动控制感。

关键词: 精神分裂症, 主动控制感, 运动意图, 感觉预测

Abstract:

Mental disorders have become both a severe and costly global public health issue and prominent societal challenge. Mental illnesses not only contribute to a substantial disease burden but also represent a major cause of disability worldwide. Among mental disorders, schizophrenia is a severe psychotic illness characterized by high risk, high disease burden, significant functional impairment, and chronic progression. Furthermore, the disorder is closely associated with agency disturbances. However, the alterations in agency and clinical correlation with symptoms remain incompletely understood. We investigated the manifestations of abnormal agency in schizophrenia and clarified the relationship between abnormalities and psychiatric symptoms. Accordingly, we further explored the neural mechanisms underlying the aberrant agency in schizophrenia at an electrophysiological level.

Experiment 1 was a behavioral study in which a 2 (type: schizophrenia patients, healthy controls) × 2 (task: baseline, action) × 5 (interval: 100 ms, 300 ms, 500 ms, 700 ms, 900 ms) mixed design was used to investigate the manifestations of abnormal agency. We conducted correlation analyses between indicators of the agency and psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia. Experiment 2 was an ERP study in which the neural mechanisms underlying agency deficits were clarified by examining motor intention and sensory prediction.

Behaviorally, compared to healthy controls, schizophrenia exhibited significantly lower agency ratings, prolonged time interval estimations in action task, and attenuated intentional binding. Critically, the degree of agency disturbances positively correlated with positive symptoms, thereby suggesting that patients display a weakened agency, and pathologically weakened agency is closely linked to positive symptoms. In neural activity, in the motor intention stage, patients with schizophrenia exhibited neural impairment, specifically manifested as a significantly reduced amplitude gain of the readiness potential in the action task compared with healthy controls, despite the presence of the readiness potential. In the sensory prediction, patients exhibited relatively preserved predictive inhibitory processing of self-generated sensory stimuli, as evidenced by the lack of significant group differences in N1 and P2 suppression. Therefore, the attenuated sense of agency observed in schizophrenia may primarily stem from neural deficits in the motor preparation.

This study demonstrates a significantly weakened agency in schizophrenia, which was positively linked to positive symptoms. In addition, this weakened agency may be associated with impaired motor intention. Future intervention research should prioritize motor intention-related regions as potential targets to improve the sense of agency in schizophrenia.

Key words: schizophrenia, sense of agency, motor intention, sensory prediction

中图分类号:

B844

潘超超, 薛媚媚, 尹玉龙, 周爱保. (2026). 精神分裂症异常减弱的主动控制感：来自行为与ERP的证据. 心理学报, 58(6), 1113-1131.

PAN Chaochao, XUE Meimei, YIN Yulong, ZHOU Aibao. (2026). Abnormally weakened sense of agency in schizophrenia: Evidence from behavioral and ERP studies. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 58(6), 1113-1131.

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参考文献 73

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变量	患者组(n = 103)	对照组(n = 100)	t/χ²	p	Cohen's d
性别(男/女)	51/52	50/50	0.01	0.95	0.01
年龄	34.56 ± 8.87	36.91 ± 11.37	1.75	0.08	0.25
受教育年限	9.05 ± 3.66	9.59 ± 3.12	1.24	0.21	0.17
病程(年)	9.60 ± 7.04
SAPS	31.02 ± 8.64
SANS	35.67 ± 9.97
药物剂量(氯丙嗪等效) (mg)	340.74 ± 180.04

变量	患者组(n = 103)	对照组(n = 100)	t/χ²	p	Cohen's d
性别(男/女)	51/52	50/50	0.01	0.95	0.01
年龄	34.56 ± 8.87	36.91 ± 11.37	1.75	0.08	0.25
受教育年限	9.05 ± 3.66	9.59 ± 3.12	1.24	0.21	0.17
病程(年)	9.60 ± 7.04
SAPS	31.02 ± 8.64
SANS	35.67 ± 9.97
药物剂量(氯丙嗪等效) (mg)	340.74 ± 180.04

变量	自主感评分					精神病性症状
变量	100 ms	300 ms	500 ms	700 ms	900 ms	SAPS	SANS
100 ms	1.00
300 ms	0.92^**	1.00
500 ms	0.87^**	0.96^**	1.00
700 ms	0.78^**	0.91^**	0.96^**	1.00
900 ms	0.73^*	0.87^**	0.93^**	0.96^**	1.00
SAPS	−0.22^*	−0.23^*	−0.24^**	−0.25^**	−0.27^**	1.00
SANS	0.02	0.06	0.03	0.02	−0.01	0.33^**	1.00

变量	自主感评分					精神病性症状
变量	100 ms	300 ms	500 ms	700 ms	900 ms	SAPS	SANS
100 ms	1.00
300 ms	0.92^**	1.00
500 ms	0.87^**	0.96^**	1.00
700 ms	0.78^**	0.91^**	0.96^**	1.00
900 ms	0.73^*	0.87^**	0.93^**	0.96^**	1.00
SAPS	−0.22^*	−0.23^*	−0.24^**	−0.25^**	−0.27^**	1.00
SANS	0.02	0.06	0.03	0.02	−0.01	0.33^**	1.00

变量	时间间隔估计					精神病性症状
变量	100 ms	300 ms	500 ms	700 ms	900 ms	SAPS	SANS
100 ms	1.00
300 ms	0.83^**	1.00
500 ms	0.64^**	0.77^**	1.00
700 ms	0.49^**	0.66^**	0.89^**	1.00
900 ms	0.26^**	0.44^**	0.72^**	0.85^**	1.00
SAPS	0.24^**	0.18^*	0.05	0.06	−0.06	1.00
SANS	0.04	−0.05	−0.09	−0.09	0.03	0.33^**	1.00