社会支持缓解高互依自我个体的急性心理应激反应

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2019.00497

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

高互依自我构念个体以社会角色来定义自己, 更看重自己的社会关系; 社会评价威胁是诱发个体社会心理应激反应的重要情境因素, 然而高互依自我构念个体在心理性应激情境中是否会表现出更高的应激反应, 以及社会支持是否会缓解高互依自我构念个体的急性心理应激反应还不可知。本研究以特里尔社会应激测试为范式, 以主观应激报告、心率和唾液皮质醇作为应激指标, 使用自我构念问卷测量个体互依自我构念水平, 将健康大学生被试随机分配到自我支持启动组和社会支持启动组。结果发现, 互依自我构念水平正向预测个体在应激情境中的皮质醇水平增加量; 同时, 相比于自我支持启动, 高互依自我构念的个体在经历社会支持后有更低的唾液皮质醇变化量。研究结果提示, 社会支持对高互依自我构念个体的急性心理应激反应起到了良好的缓解作用。

关键词: 急性心理应激, 互依自我构念, 社会支持, TSST

Abstract:

Individuals with high interdependent self-construal generally define themselves as a social role, and assign great values to their social relationships. Social evaluation threat is an important situational factor that induces psychosocial stress. However, it is not known whether individuals with high interdependent self-construal will exhibit more intense stress responses under situations of psychological stress. In addition, social support represents an important factor for the individual’s acceptance by the social group. However, it remains unknown whether social support is effective in coping with the stress responses induced by psychological stress in the high interdependent self-construal individuals. Therefore, the present study sought to investigate: (1) the psychosocial stress response of the high interdependent self-construal individuals; (2) the roles of social support in coping with the psychological stress for high interdependent self-construal individuals. We hypothesized that: (1) the high interdependent self-construal individuals would have greater stress response under psychological stress situations; (2) in the context of social support, individuals with high interdependent self-construal will exhibit lower stress levels.

We selected 60 college students in a University (Chongqing, China) through advertisements. The 60 participants were randomly divided into two groups: the self support-priming group and social support-priming group. The experiences of self support or social support were induced by different primings. A version of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) adapted for Chinese was used to induce the acute psychosocial stress. We used salivary cortisol, heart rate and subjective reported stress as indicators of stress. Throughout the course of the experiment, we performed 7 separate measurements of these indices, and evaluated the interdependent self-construal using the self-construal scale.

Using two-way ANOVA with priming as a between-subject variable and time points as a within-subject variable, we discovered a significant effect of the time points: salivary cortisol, F(6, 258) = 15.83, p < 0.001, η_p ² = 0.269; heart rate, F(7, 301) = 69.15, p < 0.001, η_p ² = 0.617; subjective reported stress, F(6, 258) = 67.58, p < 0.001, η_p ² = 0.611. We used the area under the curve with respect to the increase (AUCi) of time points of the three stress indices as the changes in stress levels across the experiment. The independent-sample t-test revealed that the AUCi of the salivary cortisol of the group with social support was significantly lower than that of the self support group: t(43) = 1.95, p = 0.058, d’ = 0.594, 95% CI [-0.022, 1.314]. The AUCg of the heart rate and subjective reported stress showed no significant differences between the two priming groups. Furthermore, we used the AUCi of cortisol to assess changes in stress levels. We conducted linear regression analysis with the AUCi of cortisol as the dependent variable, and priming and interdependent self-construal as the independent variables. The interaction effect of priming and interdependent self-construal was significant: β = -0.27, p = 0.038, ΔR ² = 0.073, 95% CI [-0.528, -0.016]. We adopted a simple slope test for further analysis. The results indicated that the stress level of high interdependent self-construal individuals who accepted social support were significantly lower than those under self support: β = -0.75, t = -3.59, p < 0.001. In contrast, these differences were not identified in individuals with low interdependent self-construal.

Taken together, consistent with previous reports, the present study found that the individuals with high interdependent self-construal exhibit more intense stress response under the psychosocial stress. Furthermore, we discovered that for individuals with high interdependent self-construal, social support could effectively alleviate their stress response. These results provide an effective stress coping strategy for individuals with high interdependent self-construal.

Key words: acute psychological stress, interdependent self-construal, social support, TSST

中图分类号:

B845

任曦, 王妍, 胡翔, 杨娟. (2019). 社会支持缓解高互依自我个体的急性心理应激反应. 心理学报, 51(4), 497-506.

REN Xi, WANG Yan, HU Xiang, YANG Juan. (2019). Social support buffers acute psychological stress in individuals with high interdependent self-construal. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 51(4), 497-506.

图/表 7

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任务名称	时间(min)	实验流程和数据收集
基线	0	佩戴心电仪器, 讲解指导语, 填写自我构念量表, 休息。唾液样本(1)、主观应激报告(1)、心电(1)
启动任务	10	启动任务, 10分钟。唾液样本(2)、主观应激报告(2)、心电(2)
TSST前	20	TSST准备阶段, 10分钟。唾液样本(3)、主观应激报告(3)、心电(3)
TSST	30	TSST10分钟。唾液样本(4)、主观应激报告(4)、心电(4)
休息1	40	休息10分钟, 唾液样本(5)、主观应激报告(5)、心电(5)
休息2	50	休息10分钟, 唾液样本(6)、主观应激报告(6)、心电(6)
休息3	60	唾液样本(7)、主观应激报告(7)、心电(7)

任务名称	时间(min)	实验流程和数据收集
基线	0	佩戴心电仪器, 讲解指导语, 填写自我构念量表, 休息。唾液样本(1)、主观应激报告(1)、心电(1)
启动任务	10	启动任务, 10分钟。唾液样本(2)、主观应激报告(2)、心电(2)
TSST前	20	TSST准备阶段, 10分钟。唾液样本(3)、主观应激报告(3)、心电(3)
TSST	30	TSST10分钟。唾液样本(4)、主观应激报告(4)、心电(4)
休息1	40	休息10分钟, 唾液样本(5)、主观应激报告(5)、心电(5)
休息2	50	休息10分钟, 唾液样本(6)、主观应激报告(6)、心电(6)
休息3	60	唾液样本(7)、主观应激报告(7)、心电(7)

指标	启动	M	SD	t	p
AUCi主观报告	自我支持	1.64	4.10	-0.19	0.85
AUCi主观报告	社会支持	1.94	6.00	-0.19	0.85
AUCi心率	自我支持	10.71	34.66	-1.23	0.23
AUCi心率	社会支持	24.68	39.03	-1.23	0.23
AUCi皮质醇	自我支持	1.25	1.50	1.95	0.06
AUCi皮质醇	社会支持	0.61	0.70	1.95	0.06

指标	启动	M	SD	t	p
AUCi主观报告	自我支持	1.64	4.10	-0.19	0.85
AUCi主观报告	社会支持	1.94	6.00	-0.19	0.85
AUCi心率	自我支持	10.71	34.66	-1.23	0.23
AUCi心率	社会支持	24.68	39.03	-1.23	0.23
AUCi皮质醇	自我支持	1.25	1.50	1.95	0.06
AUCi皮质醇	社会支持	0.61	0.70	1.95	0.06

步骤	B	SE	β	t	p	ΔR²
步骤1
启动	-0.29	0.15	-0.29	-1.95	0.06	0.08
步骤2
启动	-0.38	0.14	-0.38	-2.82	0.007	0.19
互依自我	0.45	0.13	0.45	3.34	0.002	0.19
步骤3
启动	-0.39	0.13	-0.39	-2.99	0.005	0.07
互依自我	0.43	0.13	0.43	3.32	0.002
启动×互依自我	-0.27	0.13	-0.27	-2.14	0.038