中央凹加工负荷与副中央凹信息在汉语阅读眼跳目标选择中的作用

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2018.01336

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究探讨汉语读者选择眼跳目标时, 中央凹注视词的加工负荷是否影响副中央凹获取信息量, 进而调节随后的眼跳长度。采用眼动追踪技术, 操纵了中央凹注视词的词频(高频、低频)和副中央凹词的笔画数(多笔画、少笔画)。结果发现：从中央凹词到副中央凹少笔画词的眼跳长度显著地长于到多笔画词的, 且这种笔画数效应并不受中央凹加工负荷的调节; 从高频中央凹词到副中央凹词的眼跳长度显著地长于低频词的。在本实验条件下结果提示：中央凹加工负荷在眼跳目标选择中的作用不是通过调节副中央凹获取信息量的多少来实现的。

关键词: 汉语阅读, 眼跳目标选择, 中央凹加工, 副中央凹加工

Abstract:

In alphabetic languages, such as English, the spaces between words are one kind of cue of visual word segmentation that guides the reader in selecting the word center as the saccadic target. Previous studies have shown that in English reading, such visual word boundaries can be extracted from parafoveal vision. However, no visual word boundary serves as a saccadic target for selection in Chinese reading. Most recently, several researchers have claimed that Chinese readers adjust their saccade length to accommodate lexical processing, rather than moving their eyes to specific saccadic targets. The properties of fixated words affect the subsequent saccadic target selection. For example, the saccade length is longer for high- than for low-frequency words. Moreover, parafoveal processing also has an important influence on the modulation of saccade length. Some researchers have nonetheless found that the load of fixated word processing modulates the processing of parafoveal words, where readers then adjust the selection of the next saccade target, though several studies have failed to find an interaction between the fixated word and foveal and parafoveal processing

Given the evidence that the frequency of fixated words and the strokes of parafoveal words significantly influence the upcoming saccade length, in the present study, the frequency of fixated words in foveal processing and the strokes of parafoveal words were manipulated to explore the relationship between foveal processing and parafoveal processing on saccade target selection. If the load of processing of fixated words modulates the processing of the word in parafoveal vision, then we predicted that the effect of parafoveal word strokes from adjusting the current saccade length would be more pronounced when the fixated word is processed in high- rather than in low-frequency foveal processing

The results showed that participants fixated on low-frequency words for a significantly longer time than for high-frequency words; they fixated on parafoveal words with a low number of strokes for a significantly shorter time than those with a high number of strokes; the saccade length of high-frequency words was longer than that of low-frequency words; the upcoming saccade length in parafoveal vision was significantly longer for words with a low than a high number of strokes; and the location of the initial fixation on words with a low number of strokes was closer to the word centre than with words with a high number of strokes. Unfortunately, we failed to observe significant interactions between these two factors for any eye movement measures used in the present study

The results indicate that the frequency of fixated word and the number of strokes of parafoveal words independently affect the selection of saccadic targeting in Chinese reading.

Key words: Chinese reading, saccade-target selection, foveal processing, parafoveal processing

中图分类号:

B842

王永胜, 赵冰洁, 陈茗静, 李馨, 闫国利, 白学军. (2018). 中央凹加工负荷与副中央凹信息在汉语阅读眼跳目标选择中的作用. 心理学报, 50(12), 1336-1345.

WANG Yongsheng, ZHAO Bingjie, CHEN Mingjing, LI Xin;, YAN Guoli, BAI Xuejun. (2018). Influence of the frequency of fixated words and the number of strokes of parafoveal words on saccadic target selection in Chinese reading. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 50(12), 1336-1345.

图/表 6

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目标词	实验操纵	词频	首字笔画数	尾字笔画数	首字字频	尾字字频
中央凹词	高频	405.08 (458.04)	7.76 (2.71)	7.47 (2.69)	2208.96 (3995.05)	2866.28 (3561.96)
中央凹词	低频	7.64 (7.19)	8.21 (3.16)	7.29 (2.76)	835.42 (2263.10)	1203.60 (1772.83)
副中央凹词	多笔画数词	21.05 (46.99)	13.38 (1.57)	13.59 (1.77)	380.16 (991.66)	1256.01 (144.07)
副中央凹词	少笔画数词	21.23 (46.06)	5.24 (1.16)	5.45 (1.67)	780.85 (2233.47)	1226.78 (140.72)

目标词	实验操纵	词频	首字笔画数	尾字笔画数	首字字频	尾字字频
中央凹词	高频	405.08 (458.04)	7.76 (2.71)	7.47 (2.69)	2208.96 (3995.05)	2866.28 (3561.96)
中央凹词	低频	7.64 (7.19)	8.21 (3.16)	7.29 (2.76)	835.42 (2263.10)	1203.60 (1772.83)
副中央凹词	多笔画数词	21.05 (46.99)	13.38 (1.57)	13.59 (1.77)	380.16 (991.66)	1256.01 (144.07)
副中央凹词	少笔画数词	21.23 (46.06)	5.24 (1.16)	5.45 (1.67)	780.85 (2233.47)	1226.78 (140.72)

分析指标	中央凹注视词高频		中央凹注视词低频
分析指标	副中央凹词多笔画	副中央凹词少笔画	副中央凹词多笔画	副中央凹词少笔画
起跳位置	0.91 (0.55)	0.91 (0.53)	0.90 (0.54)	0.88 (0.52)
中央凹词到副中央凹词眼跳长度	1.93 (0.53)	2.00 (0.50)	1.89 (0.51)	1.90 (0.55)
中央凹词向前眼跳长度	2.03 (0.61)	2.18 (0.67)	1.98 (0.60)	2.10 (0.75)
平均首次注视位置	0.95 (0.50)	1.02 (0.53)	0.94 (0.51)	0.95 (0.55)
单次注视位置	1.04 (0.45)	1.09 (0.49)	1.02 (0.48)	1.06 (0.50)
多次注视中的首次注视位置	0.63 (0.52)	0.68 (0.55)	0.63 (0.49)	0.54 (0.50)

分析指标	中央凹注视词高频		中央凹注视词低频
分析指标	副中央凹词多笔画	副中央凹词少笔画	副中央凹词多笔画	副中央凹词少笔画
起跳位置	0.91 (0.55)	0.91 (0.53)	0.90 (0.54)	0.88 (0.52)
中央凹词到副中央凹词眼跳长度	1.93 (0.53)	2.00 (0.50)	1.89 (0.51)	1.90 (0.55)
中央凹词向前眼跳长度	2.03 (0.61)	2.18 (0.67)	1.98 (0.60)	2.10 (0.75)
平均首次注视位置	0.95 (0.50)	1.02 (0.53)	0.94 (0.51)	0.95 (0.55)
单次注视位置	1.04 (0.45)	1.09 (0.49)	1.02 (0.48)	1.06 (0.50)
多次注视中的首次注视位置	0.63 (0.52)	0.68 (0.55)	0.63 (0.49)	0.54 (0.50)

分析指标	截距	词频	笔画数	交互作用
起跳位置	0.907^***	-0.018	-0.007	-0.018
中央凹词到副中央凹词眼跳长度	0.650^***	-0.037^**	0.029^*	-0.026
中央凹词向前眼跳长度	0.701^***	-0.034^*	0.055^**	-0.023
平均首次注视位置	0.991^***	-0.035	0.046^§	-0.042
单次注视位置	1.064^***	-0.014	0.051^§	-0.008
多次注视中的首次注视位置	0.677^***	-0.078^§	-0.044	-0.108