615岁儿童对友谊特性的认知发展

心理学报 ›› 1997, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (1): 52-60.

615岁儿童对友谊特性的认知发展

李淑湘;陈会昌;陈英和

北京师范大学发展心理研究所

出版日期:1997-03-25 发布日期:1997-03-25
通讯作者: 李淑湘

THE COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT FOR FRIENDSHIP QUALITIES OF CHILDREN AGED 6—15 YEARS OLD

Li Shuxiang Chen Huichang Chen Yinghe (Institute of Developmental Psychology,Beijing Normal University,100875)

Published:1997-03-25 Online:1997-03-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究目的：（１）考察我国儿童、青少年的友谊特性的认知发展规律和特点；（２）探讨儿童友谊特性的认知结构。研究采用结构访谈法，被试为来自北京市普通幼儿园、小学和中学的６岁、８岁、１０岁、１２岁和１５岁儿童共１００名（每个年龄组２０名，男女各半）。结果发现：（１）６—１５岁儿童对友谊特性的认知结构由５个维度组成，即：个人交流和冲突解决，榜样和竞争，互相欣赏，共同活动和互相帮助，亲密交往。（２）对６—１５岁儿童，友谊特性中的５个维度的重要性次序为：共同活动和互相帮助，个人交流和冲突解决，榜样和竞争，互相欣赏，亲密交往。（３）从发展上来看，对友谊特性不同维度的认知发展趋势有很大年龄差异。６—８岁儿童只能认识到友谊特性中一些外在的、行为的特征；以后才能逐渐认识到那些内在的、情感性的特征。但是，原来那些外在的特征并没有随着儿童年龄的增长而被取代，而是与内在的、情感性的特性结合在一起，在认识中逐渐深化。（４）小学六年级儿童在共同活动和游戏上表现出性别差异（男生高于女生）；而在冲突解决上，女生的认知水平高于男生。此外，初中三年级学生在互相欣赏方面，男生的认识水平高于女生

关键词: 友谊特性, 友谊特性的认知结构, 友谊特性的认知发展

Abstract: The purposes of this study are: (1) To reveal general low and characteristics of children's cognitive development for friendship qualities; (2) to search children's cognitive structure of friendship qualities.The subjects were 100 children aged 6,8,10, and adolescents aged 12 and 15 who were from a kindergarten, a primary school and a high school in Beijing.The results showed: (1) The children's cognitive structure for friendship qualities consisted of five dimensions which are personal communication and conflict resolution,exempting and competition,liking and appreciating each other,common activities and helping each other,intimate personal intercourse; (2) for children and adolescents aged 6—15 years old the importance of the five dimensions are different,the sequence of their importance are: common activities and helping eacho ther,personal communication and conflict resolution,exempting and competition,liking and appreciating each other,intimate personal intercourse; (3) there are substantial developmental differences in different dimensions of friendship qualities.The common activities and playing are developed at age 6 as well as at other ages.It seems that the critical age of its development must be at earlier ages than 6 years.However,other dimensions locate lower level at 6 years old and gradually growth from middle childhood to early adolescence,the critical period is from 10 to 15 years old. (4) Sex differences were found only in dimension of common activities at children aged 12 years old along with boys higher than girls, in dimension of conflict resolution along girls get higher scores than boys,and in dimension of appreciating each other at adolescents aged 15 years old,along with boys higher than girls.

Key words: Friendship Qualities, Cognitive Development of Friendship Qualities, Structure of Friendship Qualities, Method of Story Explaining

李淑湘,陈会昌,陈英和. (1997). 615岁儿童对友谊特性的认知发展. 心理学报, 29(1), 52-60.

Li Shuxiang Chen Huichang Chen Yinghe (Institute of Developmental Psychology,Beijing Normal University,100875). (1997). THE COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT FOR FRIENDSHIP QUALITIES OF CHILDREN AGED 6—15 YEARS OLD. , 29(1), 52-60.