整体构型与局部运动对生物运动拍子同步的作用

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2026.1015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究通过改进的拍子同步范式, 探究整体构型与局部运动对生物运动拍子同步的影响。实验1显示, 整体构型保持时的同步稳定性显著高于构型破坏时; 构型破坏后, 局部运动方向生物性的破坏或保持对同步稳定性无显著影响。实验2在构型破坏前提下, 对比三种局部运动状态发现：无论破坏方向生物性还是变速生物性, 同步稳定性均与保留局部运动生物性条件无显著差异。实验3揭示交互作用：构型完整时, 破坏局部运动变速生物性显著降低同步稳定性; 构型破坏时, 局部运动生物性保持或破坏间的同步表现无差异。结果支持“整体先验-局部似然匹配”的贝叶斯机制：人形构型激活生物运动模板作为强先验, 当局部运动保有生物性时, 似然与先验匹配, 预测误差小, 感觉运动计时负荷减轻, 同步最稳定; 整体构型破坏时强先验无法建立, 大脑对局部运动生物性不敏感, 因而无论局部生物性是否保持, 同步表现趋同。研究表明整体构型主导先验生成, 局部生物性仅在先验存在时调节感觉运动计时, 为生物运动感知的层级加工机制提供新证据。

关键词: 生物运动, 拍子同步, 整体构型, 局部运动

Abstract: Humans have an inherent ability to perceive biological motion (BM) in their surroundings and align with its rhythm, even when it is depicted through a simplified arrangement of light points. Point-light BM, although simplified, encompasses global configuration and local motion trajectories, which are crucial for perception. Prior research has advanced our understanding of BM processing, but few studies have thoroughly investigated the respective roles of global configuration and local motion in beat synchronization with BM. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the interaction between global configuration and local motion information during beat synchronization with BM.
This study comprised three experiments involving 30, 27, and 33 Chinese participants in experiments 1, 2, and 3, respectively. All the experiments employed a beat synchronization paradigm, in which participants were required to concurrently engage in beat synchronization and change detection tasks. The materials utilized in experiment 1 included standard, scrambled, and inverted scrambled BM. Experiment 2 comprised scrambled, inverted scrambled, and scrambled uniform BM. Experiment 3 encompassed standard, unscrambled uniform, scrambled, and scrambled uniform BM. The stability of beat synchronization was the primary dependent variable across all experiments.
Experiment 1 demonstrated that beat synchronization stability under the standard BM condition was considerably higher than that observed in the scrambled and inverted scrambled BM conditions. This finding highlights the critical role of global configuration information in the synchronization process. In Experiment 2, under the condition of disrupted global configuration, a comparison of the three local motion states showed that disrupting either the biological nature of motion direction or the biological nature of speed variation resulted in no significant difference in synchronization stability compared to preserving local biological motion. The lack of global configuration information may restrict the influence of local motion on the stabilization of synchronization. Experiment 3 revealed an interaction: when the global configuration was intact, disrupting the biological nature of local speed variation significantly reduced synchronization stability; however, when the global configuration was disrupted, synchronization performance showed no difference between preserving and disrupting the biological nature of local motion. This finding suggests that global configuration is essential for the functioning of local motion information.
This study demonstrated that beat synchronization with BM is influenced by global configuration and local motion, and global configuration exerts a dominant influence. The findings can be analyzed using Bayesian theory: when the global configuration of BM is preserved, human-like information activates preexisting brain templates, providing prior knowledge, and local motion presents likelihood information that corresponds with these predictions. This condition ensures efficient sensorimotor timing, which is evidenced by increased stability in beat synchronization. Conversely, when the global configuration is disrupted, strong priors cannot be established, and the brain becomes insensitive to the biological nature of local motion; consequently, local motion has no significant effect on synchronization performance. The findings align with Bayesian theory and offer a novel perspective on the mechanisms underlying BM timing process.

Key words: biological motion, beat synchronization, global configuration, local motion

路晓漫, 杜依珂, 叶文龙, 王海飞, 孟鲁, 周梁. (2026). 整体构型与局部运动对生物运动拍子同步的作用. 心理学报, 58(6), 1015-1027.

LU Xiaoman, DU Yike, YE Wenlong, WANG Haifei, MENG Lu, ZHOU Liang. (2026). Roles of global configuration and local motion in beat synchronization with biological motion. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 58(6), 1015-1027.

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