The cooperation and transformation mechanism of dual processing in reasoning and judgment

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2018.01794

Abstract

Abstract:

Theories about dual processing in reasoning and judgment have gone through different stages of development, and the focus on the definition and characteristics of the two processing processes in the early stage has turned to the study of the cooperation and transformation mechanism between the two at present. This study sorts out the representative models of the collaboration and transformation mechanism and its related experimental support evidence in the dual processing process, and summarizes the following three models: serial processing model, parallel competitive model and hybrid model. This study proceeds to compare and discuss the problems faced by the three models respectively as well as the differences and similarities between the three models in their interpretations of the transformation and cooperation mechanism between the two processing processes, the processing mechanism of conflict detection, and bias response.

Key words: dual processing, serial processing model, parallel competitive model, hybrid model

AI Yan, HU Zhujing. The cooperation and transformation mechanism of dual processing in reasoning and judgment[J]. Advances in Psychological Science, 2018, 26(10): 1794-1806.

Figures/Tables 8

References 85

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双重加工理论提出者	T1	T2
Posner & Snyder (1975)	自动激活系统(automatic activation system)	意识加工系统(conscious processing system)
Shiffrin & Schneider (1977)	自动加工过程(automatic processing)	控制加工过程(controlled processing)
Johnson-Laird (1983)	内隐推理(implicit inferences)	外显推理(explicit inferences)
Evans (1984, 1989)	启发式过程(heuristic processing)	分析式过程(analytic processing)
Pollock (1991)	快速和灵活模块(quick and inflexible modules)	智力(intellection)
Reber (1993)	内隐认知 (implicit cognition)	外显学习(explicit learning)
Epstein (1973, 1994)	经验系统(experiential system)	理性系统(rational system)
Levinson (1995)	交互智力(interactional intelligence)	分析智力(analytic intelligence)
Sloman (1996)	联想系统(associative system)	规则系统(rule-based system)
Evans & Over (1996)	内隐思维过程(tacit thought processes)	外显思维过程(explicit thought processes)
Hammond (1996)	直觉认知(intuitive cognition)	分析认知(analytical cognition)
Klein (1998)	预先认知决策(recognition-primed decisions)	理性选择策略(rational choice strategy)
Stanovich & West (2000)	系统1 (System 1)	系统2 (System 2)
De Neys (2006)	自动启发式加工(Automatic-heuristic processing)	执行分析式加工(executive-analytic processing)
Evans (2011)	直觉加工(Intuitive processing)	反思性加工(Reflective processing)
特征	联想的(associative)	以规则为基础的(rule-based)
	整体性(holistic)	分析性(analytic)
	自动的(automatic)	控制性的(controlled)
	不需要认知能力(relatively undemanding of cognitive capacity)	需要认知能力(demanding of cognitive capacity)
	快速的(relatively fast)	缓慢的(relatively slow)
	通过生理、暴露和个体经验获得(acquisition by biology, exposure, and personal experience)	通过文化和形式指导获得(acquisition by cultural and formal tuition)

双重加工理论提出者	T1	T2
Posner & Snyder (1975)	自动激活系统(automatic activation system)	意识加工系统(conscious processing system)
Shiffrin & Schneider (1977)	自动加工过程(automatic processing)	控制加工过程(controlled processing)
Johnson-Laird (1983)	内隐推理(implicit inferences)	外显推理(explicit inferences)
Evans (1984, 1989)	启发式过程(heuristic processing)	分析式过程(analytic processing)
Pollock (1991)	快速和灵活模块(quick and inflexible modules)	智力(intellection)
Reber (1993)	内隐认知 (implicit cognition)	外显学习(explicit learning)
Epstein (1973, 1994)	经验系统(experiential system)	理性系统(rational system)
Levinson (1995)	交互智力(interactional intelligence)	分析智力(analytic intelligence)
Sloman (1996)	联想系统(associative system)	规则系统(rule-based system)
Evans & Over (1996)	内隐思维过程(tacit thought processes)	外显思维过程(explicit thought processes)
Hammond (1996)	直觉认知(intuitive cognition)	分析认知(analytical cognition)
Klein (1998)	预先认知决策(recognition-primed decisions)	理性选择策略(rational choice strategy)
Stanovich & West (2000)	系统1 (System 1)	系统2 (System 2)
De Neys (2006)	自动启发式加工(Automatic-heuristic processing)	执行分析式加工(executive-analytic processing)
Evans (2011)	直觉加工(Intuitive processing)	反思性加工(Reflective processing)
特征	联想的(associative)	以规则为基础的(rule-based)
	整体性(holistic)	分析性(analytic)
	自动的(automatic)	控制性的(controlled)
	不需要认知能力(relatively undemanding of cognitive capacity)	需要认知能力(demanding of cognitive capacity)
	快速的(relatively fast)	缓慢的(relatively slow)
	通过生理、暴露和个体经验获得(acquisition by biology, exposure, and personal experience)	通过文化和形式指导获得(acquisition by cultural and formal tuition)

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