Setting examples and drawing inspiration from children: How parental identity enhances working mothers’ work motivation

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2025.1870

Abstract

Abstract:

Breaking the social stereotype that fertility is contradictory to women’s work motivation is key to addressing the dual challenges of low fertility desire and promoting women’s employment. Existing research mostly adopts the opting-out perspective, suggesting that parenthood would make women focus on child-rearing, thereby actively reducing their work motivation and even withdrawing from the workplace. Based on the work-family enrichment theory and identity research, this study challenges the opting-out perspective and proposes a parental identity enrichment theory, proposing that parental identity can be a significant source of work motivation for working mothers, thereby enhancing work performance and decreasing withdrawal.

This research posits that parental identity enrichment operates through two mechanisms: on one hand, during pregnancy, parental identity provides meaning to working mothers by striving to become role models for their children, enhancing their parental role model motivation, which promotes their return to work and performance after maternal leave; on the other hand, working mothers with higher parental identity are deeply affected by their children’s strong motivation to explore the world(innate curiosity and intrinsic motivation), which inspires their workplace curiosity and intrinsic motivation, enhancing their performance and creativity.

Furthermore, the study identifies the conditions that shape when parental identity enrichment occurs. We propose a multilevel framework of moderating factors that determine whether parental identity becomes a source of work motivation or creates additional burden. At the individual level, gender role attitudes shape how women interpret their parental identity. At the organizational level, family-supportive organizational culture provides cultural legitimacy for integrating parental and professional identities, while workplace role models of working mothers demonstrate successful identity integration, and work autonomy creates space for transferring child-inspired traits to work. At the family level, spousal support ensures resources for positive identity transformation.

This project deepens the understanding of the relationship between fertility-related identity and women’s work motivation from theoretical perspectives, mechanisms, and boundary conditions, making theoretical contributions to breaking social stereotypes and providing management recommendations to boost working mothers’s work motivation.

Key words: parental identity, working mothers, women’s work motivation, family-work enrichment

CLC Number:

B849:C93

CHEN Leni, HUANG Xu, XU Hanhua. Setting examples and drawing inspiration from children: How parental identity enhances working mothers’ work motivation[J]. Advances in Psychological Science, 2025, 33(11): 1870-1890.

Figures/Tables 4

References 132

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维度	主动退出论	被动退出论	父母身份增益理论
核心驱动因素	性别角色观念内化	结构性障碍(歧视、制度限制)	认知整合与环境支持
关键机制	偏好选择机制(价值观导向)	限制排除机制(环境压迫)	资源转化机制(榜样动机、特质传递)
适用情境	传统性别观念主导环境	高职场歧视、低工作弹性环境	平等性别态度、高组织支持、高配偶支持环境
职业结果	主动减少工作投入或退出职场	被迫减少工作参与或离职	工作动力增强、绩效提升
理论预设	母职与职业必然冲突	母职与职业无法兼容	认同父母身份可为职业提供动力

维度	主动退出论	被动退出论	父母身份增益理论
核心驱动因素	性别角色观念内化	结构性障碍(歧视、制度限制)	认知整合与环境支持
关键机制	偏好选择机制(价值观导向)	限制排除机制(环境压迫)	资源转化机制(榜样动机、特质传递)
适用情境	传统性别观念主导环境	高职场歧视、低工作弹性环境	平等性别态度、高组织支持、高配偶支持环境
职业结果	主动减少工作投入或退出职场	被迫减少工作参与或离职	工作动力增强、绩效提升
理论预设	母职与职业必然冲突	母职与职业无法兼容	认同父母身份可为职业提供动力