Abstract: Episodic memory formation can be investigated by segregating neural responses according to whether the experience is later remembered or not on a subsequent memory test. Based on this kind of subsequent memory paradigm by multimodal cognitive neuroimaging techniques, many previously studies had extensively suggested that neural responses of some distinct regions within the medial temporal lobe (MTL) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) could predict whether events or experiences would be subsequently remembered or forgotten. The subsequent memory paradigm can investigate how the neural differential of those regions based on subsequent memory performance are modulated by variously interactive factors, thereby it helps further deepen the neural mechanisms underlying episodic memory formation: (1) to dissociate the specific contributions of relevant regions in MTL and PFC to episodic memory formation, (2) and to explore how those regions are integrated to support the successful encoding episodic memories

Key words: episodic memory, subsequent memory effect, medial temporal lobe, prefrontal cortex