Abstract: Reputation management is a strategic behavior aimed at controlling others’ evaluations in order to attain desired personal reputation. In the evoluting process of children’s prosocial motivation, their concern for their own reputation gradually emerges and is manifested in their prosocial behavior. Based on this, this study reviews the manifestations and developmental trends of reputation management in children’s prosocial behavior, focusing on three aspects: sharing, cooperation, and helping behaviors. Furthermore, the inherent psychological mechanisms of reputation management are analyzed from three perspectives: individual cognition, social motivation, and physiological neural factors. A comprehensive model of reputation management is proposed based on cognition, motivation, and brain neuroscience. Future research should explore the occurrence and development of reputation management in children’s prosocial behavior, investigate the neural mechanisms underlying reputation management, and strengthen the application and practical research of children’s reputation management.

Key words: Prosocial behavior, reputation, reputation management, psychological mechanisms.