Reconsideration of Schadenfreude and a proposal of an interactive process model

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2021.00505

Abstract

Abstract:

Schadenfreude is a social emotion involving feelings of satisfaction or joy arising from learning about other people’s misfortunes. Although it is regarded as universally prevalent there has been very little research about it. While it used to be posited immoral, recent scholars have considered it to be meaningful and have undertaken research about it. In this essay, Chinese and international studies were reviewed, concepts and measurements of Schadenfreude were summarized, and an interactive process model (IPM) was proposed. The strength of the model lies in that it integrated factors of both parties in interaction (the self and the others) based on an interactive perspective and it clarified the process of and the changes after the occurrence of Schadenfreude based on a process perspective. According to the model, researchers should pay attention to the contexts and interactions before and after the occurrence of Schadenfreude. The model may also assist our understanding of studies on other social emotions.

Key words: Schadenfreude, interactive process model, social emotion

CLC Number:

B849: C91

ZHANG Yan, WANG Junxiu, XI Juzhe. Reconsideration of Schadenfreude and a proposal of an interactive process model[J]. Advances in Psychological Science, 2021, 29(3): 505-519.

Figures/Tables 3

References 96

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3个项目		4个项目		5个项目
Leach & Spears (2008)	开心、满意和幸灾乐祸	Brambilla & Riva (2017a)	开心、微笑、令人发笑、享受	van Dijk et al. (2006)	满意、喜欢, 微笑, 大笑, 幸灾乐祸
Schulz et al. (2013)	开心、搞笑和难过	Powell & Smith (2013)	令人发笑, 高兴, 微笑和满意
Berndsen & Feather (2016)	高兴、令人发笑和微笑	Leach et al. (2003)	满意、开心、松了口气、幸灾乐祸
Feather & Naim (2005)	开心、高兴和满意	Abell & Brewer (2018)	令人发笑、满意、高兴、同情的

3个项目		4个项目		5个项目
Leach & Spears (2008)	开心、满意和幸灾乐祸	Brambilla & Riva (2017a)	开心、微笑、令人发笑、享受	van Dijk et al. (2006)	满意、喜欢, 微笑, 大笑, 幸灾乐祸
Schulz et al. (2013)	开心、搞笑和难过	Powell & Smith (2013)	令人发笑, 高兴, 微笑和满意
Berndsen & Feather (2016)	高兴、令人发笑和微笑	Leach et al. (2003)	满意、开心、松了口气、幸灾乐祸
Feather & Naim (2005)	开心、高兴和满意	Abell & Brewer (2018)	令人发笑、满意、高兴、同情的

阶段	分类	影响因素
自我认同期	幸灾乐祸方的自身特征	性别
	幸灾乐祸方的自身特征	年龄
	幸灾乐祸方的自我认同	人格特质
		自我评价
		疾病与神经系统
联结期	对不幸方的前期认知评价	社会比较
		刻板印象
		前期之幸的应得性
	对不幸方的前期情绪	嫉妒
		厌恶类
		憎恨类
	人际或群际关系	人际或群际关系
	人际或群际关系	内群体认同
幸灾乐祸期	对后期不幸的认知评价	应得性
		合法性
		责任性
		故意性

阶段	分类	影响因素
自我认同期	幸灾乐祸方的自身特征	性别
	幸灾乐祸方的自身特征	年龄
	幸灾乐祸方的自我认同	人格特质
		自我评价
		疾病与神经系统
联结期	对不幸方的前期认知评价	社会比较
		刻板印象
		前期之幸的应得性
	对不幸方的前期情绪	嫉妒
		厌恶类
		憎恨类
	人际或群际关系	人际或群际关系
	人际或群际关系	内群体认同
幸灾乐祸期	对后期不幸的认知评价	应得性
		合法性
		责任性
		故意性