视觉形状知觉在近似数量系统和计算流畅性关系中的作用

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2022.01242

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

已有大量研究揭示了近似数量系统与计算流畅性的相关关系, 但缺少对二者关系原因的系统检验与论证。视觉形状知觉假设有别于传统的数量领域特异性解释, 认为对形状的快速知觉是近似数量系统与计算流畅性的共同认知机制, 即视觉形状的快速知觉能力可以解释二者之间的相关关系。近似数量系统和计算流畅性在加工过程中依赖对形状的快速知觉, 二者在加工过程中都涉及了复杂视觉刺激的快速处理。视觉形状知觉假设得到了一系列研究结果的支持, 但局限在视觉形状知觉与二者关系的探讨上, 视觉形状知觉在二者关系中作用的加工机制仍不清楚。未来研究需要结合多种研究方法和技术, 多角度深入探讨视觉形状知觉在二者关系中作用的认知与脑机制, 并将研究结果应用于数学课堂教学和计算困难的干预中。

关键词: 近似数量系统, 视觉形状知觉, 计算流畅性

Abstract:

Numerous studies have explored the role of the approximate number system in mathematical ability and found that it is associated with arithmetical fluency. However, there is a lack of systematic testing and argumentation about the reasons for the correlation, that is, why the approximate number system plays a role in arithmetic. This is essentially a question about the cognitive mechanisms of arithmetical processing. Addressing this issue will help us understand the role of the approximate number system in arithmetical processing and also provide a theoretical basis for promoting children’s arithmetical fluency development through training in the approximate number system. Studies have been conducted to theorize the reasons for the relationship between the two from a mediating perspective, suggesting that number processing is a common processing mechanism for both the approximate number system and arithmetical fluency. The hypothesis of visual form perception differs from that of traditional number domain specificity by suggesting that the approximate number system may act on arithmetical processing at the perceptual level rather than domain-specific number processing. That is, the rapid perception of shapes is a common cognitive mechanism between the approximate number system and arithmetical fluency, and the ability to perceive visual forms rapidly could explain the correlation between the two. The approximate number system and arithmetical fluency rely on the rapid perception of forms during processing, and both involve rapid processing of complex visual stimuli during processing. Cognitive-behavioral measures and intervention training studies with children, adults, and special populations (e.g., individuals with dyscalculia and visual form perception disorders) have been conducted to support the visual form perception hypothesis. These studies found a correlation between visual form perception and arithmetical fluency, such that the approximate number system relies on visual perceptual information during processing and that rapid visual perceptual processing can explain the correlation between the acuity of the approximate number system and arithmetical fluency. However, the current research on the hypothesis of visual form perception is still somewhat limited, mainly because these studies focus solely on the relationship between visual form perception and the approximate number system and arithmetical fluency. However, it is still unclear why visual form perception plays a role in the relationship between the two (i.e., the processing mechanism of the role of visual form perception in the relationship between the two), and there is a lack of theoretical support and direct testing of experimental data. Therefore, future research needs to combine multiple research methods and techniques to explore the role of form-based fast perceptual abilities in different mathematical processing methods from multiple perspectives. At the same time, the influence of other general cognitive factors, such as inhibitory control and visual attention, on the relationship between the two should also be considered to explore in depth which cognitive components actually play a role in the relationship between the approximate number system and arithmetical fluency. In addition, the visual form perception hypothesis needs to be tested in practical applications to provide a theoretical basis for effective interventions for computational difficulties and the effective teaching of mathematics.

Key words: approximate number system, visual form perception, arithmetical fluency

中图分类号:

B842

张译允, 马媛媛, 赵锦, 周新林, 邵园颖. (2022). 视觉形状知觉在近似数量系统和计算流畅性关系中的作用. 心理科学进展 , 30(6), 1242-1252.

ZHANG Yiyun, MA Yuanyuan, ZHAO Jin, ZHOU Xinlin, SHAO Yuanying. (2022). Role of visual form perception in the relationship between approximate number system and arithmetical fluency. Advances in Psychological Science, 30(6), 1242-1252.

图/表 1

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