公仆型领导的负面效应及其缓冲机制探究

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2022.00922

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

过去, 研究人员普遍认为公仆型领导是一种对员工、团队和组织有积极作用的领导方式, 但新近的研究表明公仆型领导也会引起潜在的负面效应。针对此问题, 首先介绍公仆型领导的概念与研究概况。然后, 分别从领导者自身和下属员工的角度, 基于角色压力、自我控制资源分配、资源保存、内隐追随、领导与成员交换、领导原型等理论, 探究公仆型领导的负面效应及其缓冲机制。最后, 从研究层面、研究方法、研究视角、研究内容等四个方面提出未来研究建议。

关键词: 公仆型领导, 负面效应, 角色压力, 自我损耗, 公民压力

Abstract:

This paper focuses on the detrimental effects of servant leadership on leaders themselves and their subordinates. The paper conducts a literature review on the concept and achievements of servant leadership. This paper explores the detrimental effects of servant leadership on leaders themselves and the mitigating mechanisms using role stress, resource allocation of self-control, and conservation of resources as theoretical bases. We also explore the detrimental effects of servant leadership on subordinates and the mitigating mechanisms based on implicit followership, leader-member exchange, and leadership prototypes theories. Moreover, future research directions regarding research levels, methods, perspectives and contents are discussed. It is our hope that this paper will encourage both researchers and practitioners to understand how and when the detrimental effects of servant leadership on leaders themselves and subordinates occur, and provide theoretical guidance for future empirical research on the detrimental effects of servant leadership.

The main contributions of this paper include:

First, compared with a primary focus on the value of servant leadership on employees, teams or organizations, this paper focuses on the detrimental effects of servant leadership on leaders themselves (e.g., leaders’ role stress, ego depletion, job burnout, and negative leadership behavior).

Second, based on conservation of resources theory, this paper comprehensively discusses the mitigating mechanisms on the negative effects of servant leadership on leaders themselves from both organizational and individual levels. This paper first proposes that servant organizational culture may mitigate the negative effects of servant leadership on leaders themselves, that is, when organizational culture embraces servant, servant leaders are more likely to obtain organizational support to help more and broader service objects, and thus are more likely to offset the resource loss resulted from serving others. Therefore, servant organizational culture can alleviate the negative effects of servant leadership on leaders themselves, such as role stress, ego depletion. In addition, this paper firstly proposes the moderation of leaders’ positive psychological capital on the negative effects of servant leadership, that is, leaders’ positive psychological capital helps leaders maintain more positive emotions, recover resilience faster when facing of difficulties, and deal with job stress more effectively. Thus, it can alleviate the effects of servant leadership on leaders’ negative outcomes.

Third, this paper discusses the influence of servant leadership on subordinates’ citizenship pressure based on implicit followership theory and leader-member exchange theory, and proposes the moderation of subordinates’ leadership preference on the relationship between servant leadership and subordinates’ citizenship pressure according to leadership prototypes theory, differing from the extant literature’s restricted focus on the positive effect of servant leadership on subordinates. That is, subordinates’ recognition of servant Leadership may alleviate the negative impact of servant leadership on subordinates’ citizenship pressure.

Fourth, we propose the future research directions from the perspective of dynamism, that is using research methods of dynamic leadership behavior (e.g., trend and variability) to explore the short- and long-term negative effects of servant leadership on subordinates, teams, organizations, and other stakeholders.

Key words: servant leadership, negative effects, role stress, ego depletion, citizenship pressure

中图分类号:

B849: C93

凌茜, 张正杰, 丘小燕. (2022). 公仆型领导的负面效应及其缓冲机制探究. 心理科学进展 , 30(4), 922-940.

LING Qian, ZHANG Zhengjie, QIU Xiaoyan. (2022). The negative effects of servant leadership and its buffer mechanism. Advances in Psychological Science, 30(4), 922-940.

图/表 1

参考文献 185

[1]	白勇. (2016). 基于中国国情的企业公仆型领导评价体系研究. 经济论坛, (1), 119-124.
[2]	邓志华, 陈维政. (2015). 服务型领导、组织文化与员工绩效的关系研究. 西南民族大学学报(人文社科版), 36(4), 140-146.
[3]	董临萍, 於悠. (2017). 服务型领导能提升知识员工敬业度吗?--基于主观幸福感和程序公平的中介作用. 北京工商大学学报(社会科学版), 32(3), 112-120.
[4]	董小炜, 秦昕, 陈晨, 黄鸣鹏, 邓惠如, 周汉森, 宋博迪. (2021). 组织行为学中的时间相关研究与未来方向. 心理科学进展, 29(4), 747-760.
[5]	杜晨朵, 邢采. (2016). 公仆型领导对员工主观幸福感的影响:一个有调节的中介效应模型(摘要). 见第十九届全国心理学学术会议摘要集(p. 469). 西安
[6]	方慧, 何斌, 张韫, 马海英. (2018). 自我决定理论视角下服务型领导对新生代员工幸福感的影响. 中国人力资源开发, 35(10), 8-17; 57.
[7]	高日光, 郭笑笑, 郑凯霞. (2021). 服务型领导对辱虐管理的作用机制--基于道德许可理论的视角. 当代财经, (1), 86-96.
[8]	胡婧. (2019). 服务型领导对民警工作幸福感的研究--领导认同的中介作用. 中国人民公安大学学报(自然科学版), 25(4), 90-94.
[9]	黄俊, 贾煜, 桂梅, 诸彦含, 刘桃. (2015). 公仆型领导对员工主动创新行为的影响--基于领导部属交换与员工工作投入的中介作用. 科技进步与对策, 32(21), 145-150.
[10]	康勇军, 彭坚. (2019). 累并快乐着:服务型领导的收益与代价--基于工作-家庭资源模型视角. 心理学报, 51(2), 227-237.
[11]	李洪杰, 苏江, 孙剑, 马飞, 董晓明, 弓箭. (2017). 公仆型领导对员工任务绩效的影响--基于组织公民行为的中介作用. 科学中国人, (11), 115-116.
[12]	林钰莹, 许灏颖, 王震. (2015). 公仆型领导对下属创造力的影响: 工作动机和领导-下属交换的作用. 中国人力资源开发, (11), 50-57.
[13]	凌茜, 汪纯孝. (2010). 管理人员的公仆型领导风格对员工工作绩效的持久影响. 旅游科学, 24(3), 39-48.
[14]	凌茜, 汪纯孝. (2011). 组织和团队的公仆型领导氛围对员工的服务质量的影响. 珞珈管理评论, (1), 1-15.
[15]	凌茜, 汪纯孝, 张秀娟, 黄慧玲. (2009). 公仆型领导对服务氛围与服务质量的影响. 广州: 中山大学出版社.
[16]	刘芳. (2011). 真诚型领导对组织氛围与饭店员工工作绩效的影响 (博士学位论文). 中山大学, 广东.
[17]	刘娇, 杨洪彬, 郎晓慧, 李丹丹, 罗月琛, 罗光宇, 李惠艳. (2019). 护士组织公民压力对组织认同及工作绩效的影响. 护理研究, 33(2), 361-363.
[18]	刘燕君, 徐世勇, 朱金强. (2018). 公仆型领导与员工主动性行为:双中介模型. 现代管理科学, (9), 97-99.
[19]	卢俊婷, 张喆, 贾明. (2017). 公仆型领导与创新行为:有中介的调节模型. 预测, 36(6), 9-15.
[20]	马跃如, 李树. (2011). 公仆型领导与下属反生产行为关系的实证研究. 郑州航空工业管理学院学报, 29(2), 74-84.
[21]	孟春艳, 孙美玲, 苍爽, 施梅, 何晶波, 田秋野, ... 孙涛. (2014). 公仆型领导与护士建言行为相关性研究. 中国护理管理, 14(9), 912-915.
[22]	宋锟泰, 张正堂, 赵李晶, 陈钰瑶. (2019). 工作中的时间压力对员工工作幸福感的影响研究--个体特质调节焦点与服务型领导的三重交互作用. 华东经济管理, 33(1), 160-168.
[23]	孙健敏, 王碧英. (2009). 公仆型领导与员工绩效的关系. 见第四届(2009)中国管理学年会--组织行为与人力资源管理分会场论文集(pp.244-254). 北京.
[24]	田启涛, 杨自伟. (2019). 收效与隐忧:公民压力如何影响组织公民行为. 管理评论, 31(5), 163-174.
[25]	王碧英, 高日光. (2012). 西方公仆型领导的内涵、测量及其有效性述评. 第一资源, (6), 158-168.
[26]	王杰群, 武文, 鲁小华. (2017). 服务型领导与员工工作表现:情感信任的中介作用. 北京工商大学学报(社会科学版), 32(3), 104-111.
[27]	温碧燕, 周小曼, 吴秀梅. (2017). 服务性企业员工正面心理资本、敬业度与工作绩效的关系研究. 经济经纬, 34(3), 93-98.
[28]	伍晓奕, 汪纯孝, 谢礼珊, 张秀娟. (2006). 饭店薪酬管理公平性对员工工作绩效的影响. 广州: 中山大学出版社.
[29]	张峰, 殷杰, 蒋婷. (2015). 公仆型领导对内部服务质量与外部服务质量的影响研究. 生产力研究, (9), 131-133.
[30]	张晓英, 陶梅. (2015). 公仆型领导对员工工作绩效和帮助行为的影响. 市场周刊(理论研究), (12), 127-129.
[31]	张新怀, 陈金龙. (2016). CEO公仆型领导, 员工导向组织文化与组织绩效--市场竞争性的调节作用. 华侨大学学报(哲学社会科学版), (4), 85-94.
[32]	张秀娟. (2014). 公仆型领导与家长式领导对员工创新行为的多层次影响--员工心理受权的中介作用. 中大管理研究, 9(2), 156-173.
[33]	张宗贺, 刘帮成. (2020). 服务型领导激发公务员服务热情的过程机制--一个调节-中介模型的构建与检验. 大连理工大学学报(社会科学版), 41(1), 68-75.
[34]	赵红丹, 江苇. (2018). 职场中公民行为压力与员工创造力的曲线关系--自我效能感的情境机制. 财经论丛, (2), 95-103.
[35]	仲理峰. (2007). 心理资本对员工的工作绩效、组织承诺及组织公民行为的影响. 心理学报, 39(2), 328-334.
[36]	周静静, 周丽丽, 弓箭, 何圆圆, 田秋野, 施梅, ... 杜慧杰. (2014). 基于结构方程模型的公仆型领导与护理团队绩效的相关性研究. 中国实用护理杂志, 30(17), 5-8.
[37]	朱玥, 王永跃. (2014). 服务型领导对员工工作结果的影响:亲社会动机的中介效应和互动公平的调节效应. 心理科学, 37(4), 968-972.
[38]	Akdol, B., & Arikboga, F. S. (2017). Leader member exchange as a mediator of the relationship between servant leadership and job satisfaction: A research on Turkish ICT companies. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 6, 525-535. doi: 10.33844/ijol.2017.60226 URL
[39]	Alafeshat, R., & Aboud, F. (2019). Servant leadership impact on organizational performance: The mediating role of employee engagement. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 9(3), 85-100. doi: 10.5296/ijhrs.v9i3 URL
[40]	Al-Asadi, R., Muhammed, S., Abidi, O., & Dzenopoljac, V. (2019). Impact of servant leadership on intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction. The Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 40(4), 472-484.
[41]	Avey, J. B., Luthans, F., & Youssef, C. M. (2010). The additive value of positive psychological capital in predicting work attitudes and behaviors. Journal of Management, 36(2), 430-452. doi: 10.1177/0149206308329961 URL
[42]	Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2014). Job demands- resources theory. In P. Y. Chen, & C.L. Cooper (Eds.), Wellbeing (vol. 3, pp. 1-28). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
[43]	Bande, B., Fernández-Ferrín, P., Varela-Neira, C., & Otero-Neira, C. (2016). Exploring the relationship among servant leadership, intrinsic motivation and performance in an industrial sales setting. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 31(2), 219-231.
[44]	Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
[45]	Barnes, C. M., Lucianetti, L., Bhave, D. P., & Christian, M. S. (2015). “You wouldn’t like me when I’m sleepy”: Leaders’ sleep, daily abusive supervision, and work unit engagement. Academy of Management Journal, 58(5), 1419-1437. doi: 10.5465/amj.2013.1063 URL
[46]	Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York: Free Press.
[47]	Bass, B. M. (1998). Transformational leadership: Industrial, military, and educational impact. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
[48]	Baumeister, R. F., Bratslavsky, E., Muraven, M., & Tice, D. M. (1998). Ego depletion: Is the active self a limited resource? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(5), 1252-1265. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.74.5.1252 pmid: 9599441
[49]	Baumeister, R. F., Heatherton, T. F., & Tice, D. M. (1994). Losing control: How and why people fail at self-regulation. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
[50]	Baumeister, R. F., & Vohs, K. D. (2007). Self-regulation, ego depletion, and motivation. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 1(1), 115-128. doi: 10.1111/spco.2007.1.issue-1 URL
[51]	Beal, D. J., Weiss, H. M., Barros, E., & MacDermid, S. M. (2005). An episodic process model of affective influences on performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(6), 1054-1068. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.90.6.1054 URL
[52]	Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. New York: John Wiley.
[53]	Bobbio, A., van Dierendonck, D., & Manganelli, A. M. (2012). Servant leadership in Italy and its relation to organizational variables. Leadership, 8(3), 229-243. doi: 10.1177/1742715012441176 URL
[54]	Bolino, M. C., Turnley, W. H., Gilstrap, J. B., & Suazo, M. M. (2010). Citizenship under pressure: What’s a “good soldier” to do?. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31(6), 835-855. doi: 10.1002/job.635 URL
[55]	Boniwell, I., & Zimbardo, P. G. (2004). Balancing time perspective in pursuit of optimal functioning. Positive psychology in practice, 12, 141-155.
[56]	Bowie, N. E. (2000). A Kantian theory of leadership. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 21(4), 185-193. doi: 10.1108/01437730010335427 URL
[57]	Brownell, J. (2010). Leadership in the service of hospitality. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 51(3), 363-378. doi: 10.1177/1938965510368651 URL
[58]	Burke, R. J., Page, K. M., & Cooper, C. L. (2015). Flourishing in life, work and careers: Individual wellbeing and career experiences. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
[59]	Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1998). On the self-regulation of behavior. New York: Cambridge University Press.
[60]	Chen, Z., Zhu, J., & Zhou, M. (2015). How does a servant leader fuel the service fire? A multilevel model of servant leadership, individual self identity, group competition climate, and customer service performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(2), 511-521. doi: 10.1037/a0038036 URL
[61]	Cheong, M., Spain, S. M., Yammarino, F. J., & Yun, S. (2016). Two faces of empowering leadership: Enabling and burdening. The Leadership Quarterly, 27(4), 602-616. doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2016.01.006 URL
[62]	Chiniara, M., & Bentein, K. (2016). Linking servant leadership to individual performance: Differentiating the mediating role of autonomy, competence and relatedness need satisfaction. The Leadership Quarterly, 27(1), 124-141. doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.08.004 URL
[63]	Christian, M. S., & Ellis, A. (2011). Examining the effects of sleep deprivation on workplace deviance: A self- regulatory perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 54(5), 913-934. doi: 10.5465/amj.2010.0179 URL
[64]	Chughtai, A. A. (2016). Servant leadership and follower outcomes: Mediating effects of organizational identification and psychological safety. The Journal of Psychology, 150(7), 866-880. doi: 10.1080/00223980.2016.1170657 URL
[65]	Chughtai, A. A. (2018). Examining the effects of servant leadership on life satisfaction. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 13(4), 873-889. doi: 10.1007/s11482-017-9564-1 URL
[66]	Clarence, M., Devassy, V. P., Jena, L. K., & George, T. S. (2020). The effect of servant leadership on ad hoc schoolteachers’ affective commitment and psychological well-being: The mediating role of psychological capital. International Review of Education, 66(2), 1-27. doi: 10.1007/s11159-020-09827-0 URL
[67]	Crotts, J. C., & Turner, G. B. (1999). Determinants of intra‐firm trust in buyer‐seller relationships in the international travel trade. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 11(2-3), 116-123.
[68]	Dannhauser, Z., & Boshoff, A. B. (2006, August). The relationships between servant leadership, trust, team commitment and demographic variables. Paper Presented at the Servant-leadership Research Round table at Regent University, Virginia Beach, VA.
[69]	de Clercq, D., Suhail, A., Azeem, M. U., & Haq, I. U. (2019). Citizenship pressure and job performance: Roles of citizenship fatigue and continuance commitment. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 59(3), 482-505. doi: 10.1111/aphr.v59.3 URL
[70]	Dienesch, R. M., & Liden, R. C. (1986). Leader-member exchange model of leadership: A critique and further development. Academy of Management Review, 11(3), 618-634. doi: 10.2307/258314 URL
[71]	Drescher, M. A., Korsgaard, M. A., Welpe, I. M., Picot, A., & Wigand, R. T. (2014). The dynamics of shared leadership: Building trust and enhancing performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(5), 771-783. doi: 10.1037/a0036474 pmid: 24731178
[72]	Ehrhart, M. G. (2004). Leadership and procedural justice climate as antecedents of unitlevel organizational citizenship behavior. Personnel Psychology, 57(1), 61-94. doi: 10.1111/peps.2004.57.issue-1 URL
[73]	Eisenberger, R., Armeli, S., Rexwinkel, B., Lynch, P. D., & Rhoades, L. (2001). Reciprocation of perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(1), 42-51. pmid: 11302232
[74]	Elche, D., Ruiz-Palomino, P., & Linuesa-Langreo, J. (2020). Servant leadership and organizational citizenship behavior: The mediating effect of empathy and service climate. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 32(6), 2035-2053. doi: 10.1108/IJCHM-05-2019-0501 URL
[75]	Eva, N., Robin, M., Sendjaya, S., van Dierendonck, D., & Liden, R. C. (2019). Servant leadership: A systematic review and call for future research. The Leadership Quarterly, 30(1), 111-132. doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2018.07.004 URL
[76]	Farrington, S. M., & Lillah, R. (2019). Servant leadership and job satisfaction within private healthcare practices. Leadership in Health Services, 32(1), 148-168. doi: 10.1108/LHS-09-2017-0056 pmid: 30702036
[77]	Gagné, M., & Deci, E. L. (2005). Self-determination theory and work motivation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(4), 331-362. doi: 10.1002/job.322 URL
[78]	Gailliot, M. T., Baumeister, R. F., DeWall, C. N., Maner, J. K., Plant, E. A., Tice, D. M., ... Schmeichel, B. J. (2007). Self-control relies on glucose as a limited energy source: Willpower is more than a metaphor. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(2), 325-336. pmid: 17279852
[79]	Garber, J. S., Madigan, E. A., Click, E. R., & Fitzpatrick, J. J. (2009). Attitudes towards collaboration and servant leadership among nurses, physicians and residents. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 23(4), 331-340. doi: 10.1080/13561820902886253 URL
[80]	Giampetro-Meyer, A., Brown, S. T., Browne, M. N., & Kubasek, N. (1998). Do we really want more leaders in business?. Journal of Business Ethics, 17(15), 1727-1736. doi: 10.1023/A:1006092107644 URL
[81]	Gotsis, G., & Grimani, K. (2016). The role of servant leadership in fostering inclusive organizations. Journal of Management Development, 35(8), 985-1010. doi: 10.1108/JMD-07-2015-0095 URL
[82]	Green, S. G., Anderson, S. E., & Shivers, S. L. (1996). Demographic and organizational influences on leader-member exchange and related work attitudes. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 66(2), 203-214. doi: 10.1006/obhd.1996.0049 URL
[83]	Greenleaf, R. K. (1970). The servant as leader. Indianapolis, IN: Robert K. Greenleaf Center.
[84]	Grisaffe, D. B., Vanmeter, R., & Chonko, L. B. (2016). Serving first for the benefit of others: Preliminary evidence for a hierarchical conceptualization of servant leadership. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 36(1), 40-58.
[85]	Hagger, M. S., Wood, C., Stiff, C., & Chatzisarantis, N. (2010). Ego depletion and the strength model of self-control: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 136(4), 495-525. doi: 10.1037/a0019486 URL
[86]	Hamilton, E. (2011). Linked learning leadership: Exploring leadership practices within california’s linked learning schools (Unpublished doctorial dissertation). University of California, Los Angeles.
[87]	Henderson, D. J., Liden, R. C., Glibkowski, B. C., & Chaudhry, A. (2009). LMX differentiation: A multilevel review and examination of its antecedents and outcomes. The Leadership Quarterly, 20(4), 517-534. doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2009.04.003 URL
[88]	Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American psychologist, 44(3), 513-524. doi: 10.1037//0003-066x.44.3.513 pmid: 2648906
[89]	Hobfoll, S. E. (2001). The influence of culture, community, and the nested-self in the stress process: Advancing conservation of resources theory. Applied Psychology, 50(3), 337-421. doi: 10.1111/apps.2001.50.issue-3 URL
[90]	Hobfoll, S. E. (2011). Conservation of resource caravans and engaged settings. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 84(1), 116-122. doi: 10.1111/joop.2011.84.issue-1 URL
[91]	Hobfoll, S. E., & Freedy, J. (1993). Conservation of resources: A general stress theory applied to burnout. Taylor & Francis, Washington DC: CRC Press.
[92]	Hu, J., & Liden, R. C. (2011). Antecedents of team potency and team effectiveness: An examination of goal and process clarity and servant leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(4), 851-862. doi: 10.1037/a0022465 URL
[93]	Huang, J., Li, W., Qiu, C., Yim, H. K., & Wan, J. (2016). The impact of CEO servant leadership on firm performance in the hospitality industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28(5), 945-968. doi: 10.1108/IJCHM-08-2014-0388 URL
[94]	Hunter, E. M., Neubert, M. J., Perry, S. J., Witt, L., Penney, L. M., & Weinberger, E. (2013). Servant leaders inspire servant followers: Antecedents and outcomes for employees and the organization. The Leadership Quarterly, 24(2), 316-331. doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2012.12.001 URL
[95]	Irving, J. A., & Longbotham, G. J. (2007). Team effectiveness and six essential servant leadership themes: A regression model based on items in the organizational leadership assessment. International Journal of Leadership Studies, 2(2), 98-113.
[96]	Jaiswal, N. K., & Dhar, R. L. (2017). The influence of servant leadership, trust in leader and thriving on employee creativity. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 38(1), 2-21. doi: 10.1108/LODJ-02-2015-0017 URL
[97]	Jang, J., & Kandampully, J. (2018). Reducing employee turnover intention through servant leadership in the restaurant context: A mediation study of affective organizational commitment. International Journal of Hospitality And Tourism Administration, 19(2), 125-141. doi: 10.1080/15256480.2017.1305310 URL
[98]	Johnson, C. E. (2001). Meeting the ethical challenges of leadership. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
[99]	Johnson, J., Louch, G., Dunning, A., Johnson, O., Grange, A., Reynolds, C., ... O’Hara, J. (2017). Burnout mediates the association between depression and patient safety perceptions: A cross-sectional study in hospital nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 73(7), 1667-1680. doi: 10.1111/jan.13251 pmid: 28072469
[100]	Johnson, R. E., Chang, C. H., & Lord, R. G. (2006). Moving from cognition to behavior: What the research says. Psychological Bulletin, 132(3), 381-415. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.132.3.381 URL
[101]	Johnson, R. E., Venus, M., Lanaj, K., Mao, C., & Chang, C. H. (2012). Leader identity as an antecedent of the frequency and consistency of transformational, consideration, and abusive leadership behaviors. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(6), 1262-1272. doi: 10.1037/a0029043 URL
[102]	Joseph, E. E., & Winston, B. E. (2005). A correlation of servant leadership, leader trust, and organizational trust. Leadership and Organizational Development Journal, 26(1), 6-22. doi: 10.1108/01437730510575552 URL
[103]	Judge, T. A., & Piccolo, R. F. (2004). Transformational and transactional leadership: A meta-analytic test of their relative validity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(5), 755-768. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.89.5.755 URL
[104]	Kahn, R. L., Wolfe, D. M., Quinn, R. P., Snoek, J. D., & Rosenthal, R. A. (1964). Organizational Stress: Studies in Role Conflict and Ambiguity. Oxford: John Wiley.
[105]	Kalimo, R., Pahkin, K., Mutanen, P., & Topipinen-Tanner, S. (2003). Staying well or burning out at work: Work characteristics and personal resources as long-term predictors. Work & Stress, 17(2), 109-122. doi: 10.1080/0267837031000149919 URL
[106]	Kammeyer‐Mueller, J. D., Rubenstein, A. L., Long, D. M., Odio, M. A., Buckman, B. R., Zhang, Y., & Halvorsen‐Ganepola, M. D. (2013). A meta‐analytic structural model of dispositonal affectivity and emotional labor. Personnel Psychology, 66(1), 47-90. doi: 10.1111/peps.2013.66.issue-1 URL
[107]	Kandampully, J., Zhang, T., & Jaakkola, E. (2017). Customer experience management in hospitality: A literature synthesis, new understanding, and research agenda. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(1), 21-56. doi: 10.1108/IJCHM-10-2015-0549 URL
[108]	Kanfer, R., Ackerman, P. L., Murtha, T. C., Dugdale, B., & Nelson, L. (1994). Goal setting, conditions of practice, and task performance: A resource allocation perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79(6), 826-835. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.79.6.826 URL
[109]	Khan, K., Khan, S., & Chaudhry, A. (2015). Impact of servant leadership on workplace spirituality: Moderating role of involvement culture. Pakistan Journal of Science, 67(1), 109-113.
[110]	King, L. A., & King, D. W. (1990). Role conflict and role ambiguity: A critical assessment of construct validity. Psychological Bulletin, 107(1), 48-64. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.107.1.48 URL
[111]	Kirkbride, P. (2006). Developing transformational leaders: The full range leadership model in action. Industrial and Commercial Training, 38(1), 23-32. doi: 10.1108/00197850610646016 URL
[112]	Lacroix, M., & Verdorfer, A. P. (2017). Can servant leaders fuel the leadership fire? The relationship between servant leadership and followers’ leadership avoidance. Administrative Sciences, 7(1), 6-17. doi: 10.3390/admsci7010006 URL
[113]	Lambert, V. A., & Lambert, C. E. (2001). Literature review of role stress/strain on nurses: An international perspective. Nursing & Health Sciences, 3(3), 161-172.
[114]	Lanaj, K., Johnson, R. E., & Barnes, C. M. (2014). Beginning the workday yet already depleted? Consequences of late-night smartphone use and sleep. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 124(1), 11-23. doi: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2014.01.001 URL
[115]	Lanaj, K., Johnson, R. E., & Wang, M. (2016). When lending a hand depletes the will: The daily costs and benefits of helping. Journal of Applied Psychology, 101(8), 1097-1110. doi: 10.1037/apl0000118 URL
[116]	Lapointe, E., & Vandenberghe, C. (2018). Examination of the relationships between servant leadership, organizational commitment, and voice and antisocial behaviors. Journal of Business Ethics, 148(1), 1-17. doi: 10.1007/s10551-018-3797-2 URL
[117]	Larson, M., & Luthans, F. (2006). Potential added value of psychological capital in predicting work attitudes. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 13(2), 75-92.
[118]	Latif, K. F., Machuca, M. M., Marimon, F., & Sahibzada, U. F. (2020). Servant leadership, career, and life satisfaction in higher education: A cross-country study of spain, China, and Pakistan. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 16(3), 1221-1247. doi: 10.1007/s11482-019-09809-x URL
[119]	Laub, J. A. (1999). Assessing the servant organization: Development of the servant organizational leadership assessment (SOLA) instrument (Unpublished doctorial dissertation). Florida Atlantic University.
[120]	Lee, R. T., & Ashforth, B. E. (1996). A meta-analytic examination of the correlates of the three dimensions of job burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(2), 123-133. pmid: 8603909
[121]	Li, W. D., Arvey, R. D., Zhang, Z., & Song, Z. (2012). Do leadership role occupancy and transformational leadership share the same genetic and environmental influences?. The Leadership Quarterly, 23(2), 233-243. doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.08.007 URL
[122]	Li, W. D., Li, S., Feng, J. J., Wang, M., Zhang, H., Frese, M., & Wu, C.-H. (2021). Can becoming a leader change your personality? An investigation with two longitudinal studies from a role-based perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 106(6), 882-901. doi: 10.1037/apl0000808 URL
[123]	Li, Y., Li, D., Tu, Y., & Liu, J. (2018). How and when servant leadership enhances life satisfaction. Personnel Review, 47(5), 1077-1093. doi: 10.1108/PR-07-2017-0223 URL
[124]	Liao, C., Lee, H. W., Johnson, R. E., & Lin, S. H. (2021). Serving you depletes me? A leader-centric examination of servant leadership behaviors. Journal of Management, 47(5), 1185-1218. doi: 10.1177/0149206320906883 URL
[125]	Liden, R., Panaccio, A., Meuser, J., Hu, J., & Wayne, S. (2014). Servant leadership:Antecedents, processes, and outcomes. In Day, D. V. (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of leadership and organizations (pp.356-379). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
[126]	Liden, R. C., Wayne, S. J., Meuser, J. D., Hu, J., Wu, J., & Liao, C. (2015). Servant leadership: Validation of a short form of the SL-28. Leadership Quarterly, 26(2), 254-269. doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2014.12.002 URL
[127]	Liden, R. C., Wayne, J. C., Zhao, H., & Henderson, D. (2008). Servant leadership: Development of a Multidimensional measure and multilevel assessment. The Leadership Quarterly, 19(2), 161-177. doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2008.01.006 URL
[128]	Lin, S. H., & Johnson, R. E. (2015). A suggestion to improve a day keeps your depletion away: Examining promotive and prohibitive voice behaviors within a regulatory focus and ego depletion framework. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(5), 1381-1397. doi: 10.1037/apl0000018 URL
[129]	Lin, S. H., Ma, J., & Johnson, R. E. (2016). When ethical leader behavior breaks bad: How ethical leader behavior can turn abusive via ego depletion and moral licensing. Journal of Applied Psychology, 101(6): 815-830. doi: 10.1037/apl0000098 URL
[130]	Lin, S. H., Scott, B. A., & Matta, F. K. (2019). The dark side of transformational leader behaviors for leaders themselves: A conservation of resources perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 62(5), 1556-1582. doi: 10.5465/amj.2016.1255 URL
[131]	Ling, Q., Lin, M., & Wu, X. (2016). The trickle-down effect of servant leadership on frontline employee service behaviors and performance: A multilevel study of Chinese hotels. Tourism Management, 52(1), 341-368. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2015.07.008 URL
[132]	Ling, Q., Liu, F., & Wu, X. (2017). Servant versus authentic leadership: Assessing effectiveness in China’s hospitality industry. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 58(1), 53-68. doi: 10.1177/1938965516641515 URL
[133]	Lord, R. G., Day, D. V., Zaccaro, S. J., Avolio, B. J., & Eagly, A. H. (2017). Leadership in applied psychology: Three waves of theory and research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 102(3), 434-451. doi: 10.1037/apl0000089 URL
[134]	Lord, R., & Maher, K. J. (1991). Leadership and Information Processing. New York: Unwin Hyman.
[135]	Lowe, K. B., Kroeck, K. G., & Sivasubramaniam, N. (1996). Effectiveness correlates of transformational and transactional leadership: A meta-analytic review of the MLQ literature. Leadership Quarterly, 7(3), 385-425. doi: 10.1016/S1048-9843(96)90027-2 URL
[136]	Luthans, F., Luthans, K. W., & Luthans, B. C. (2004). Positive psychological capital: Beyond human and social capital. Business Horizons, 47(1), 45-50.
[137]	Luu, T. T. (2016). How servant leadership nurtures knowledge sharing: The mediating role of public service motivation. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 29(1), 91-108. doi: 10.1108/IJPSM-06-2015-0112 URL
[138]	Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2(2), 99-113. doi: 10.1002/(ISSN)1099-1379 URL
[139]	Maula-Bakhsh, R., & Raziq, A. (2018). Relationship between servant leadership and subjective well-being: Evidence from manufacturing and services based SMEs in Pakistan. Journal of Management Sciences, 5(1), 62-85. doi: 10.20547/jms.2014 URL
[140]	Mayer, D. M., Bardes, M., & Piccolo, R. F. (2008). Do servant-leaders help satisfy follower needs? An organizational justice perspective. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 17(2), 180-197. doi: 10.1080/13594320701743558 URL
[141]	Mcclean, S. T., Barnes, C. M., Courtright, S. H., & Johnson, R. E. (2019). Resetting the clock on dynamic leader behaviors: A conceptual integration and agenda for future research. The Academy of Management Annals, 13(2), 479-508. doi: 10.5465/annals.2017.0081 URL
[142]	Meuser, J. D., Liden, R. C., Wayne, S. J., & Henderson, D. J. (2011, August). Is servant leadership always a good thing? The moderating influence of servant leadership prototype? Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management, San Antonio, Texas.
[143]	Muraven, M., & Baumeister, R. F. (2000). Self-regulation and depletion of limited resources: Does self-control resemble a muscle?. Psychological Bulletin, 126(2), 247-259. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.126.2.247 pmid: 10748642
[144]	Naumann, S. E., Minsky, B. D., & Sturman, M. C. (2002). The use of the concept “Entitlement” in management literature: A historical review, synthesis, and discussion of compensation policy implications. Human Resource Management Review, 12(1), 145-166. doi: 10.1016/S1053-4822(01)00055-9 URL
[145]	Neubert, M. J., Hunter, E. M., & Tolentino, R. C. (2016). A servant leader and their stakeholders: When does organizational structure enhance a leader’s influence?. Leadership Quarterly, 27(6), 896-910. doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2016.05.005 URL
[146]	Neubert, M. J., Kacmar, K. M., Carlson, D. S., Chonko, L. B., & Roberts, J. A. (2008). Regulatory focus as a mediator of the influence of initiating structure and servant leadership on employee behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(6), 1220-1233. doi: 10.1037/a0012695 URL
[147]	O'Reilly, C. A., Chatman, J., & Caldwell, D. F. (1991). People and organizational culture: A profile comparison approach to assessing person-organization fit. Academy of Management Journal, 34(3), 487-516.
[148]	Overstreet, R. E., Hazen, B. T., Skipper, J. B., & Hanna, J. B. (2014). Bridging the gap between strategy and performance: Using leadership style to enable structural elements. Journal of Business Logistics, 35(2), 136-149. doi: 10.1111/jbl.12043 URL
[149]	Panaccio, A., Donia, M., Saint-Michel, S., & Liden, R. C. (2015). Servant leadership and well-being. In Burke, R. J., Cooper, C. L., & Page, K. M. (Eds.). Flourishing in life, work, and careers: New horizons in management (pp.334-358). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing.
[150]	Pathak, S., & Dey, D. (2019). The effect of servant leadership on the psychological well -being of employees: A descriptive study of msme automation company. Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, 11(12), 950-975.
[151]	Pathak, S., & Jangalwa, R. (2018). Employees’ psychological well-being and servant leadership: An exploratory study. Prestige International Journal of Management and Research, 11(R) (1-2), 11-22.
[152]	Peterson, S., Galvin, B. M., & Lange, D. (2012). CEO servant leadership: Exploring executive characteristics and firm performance. Personnel Psychology, 65(3), 565-596. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-6570.2012.01253.x URL
[153]	Rahim, M. A. (1997). Relationships of stress, locus of control, and social support to psychiatric symptoms and propensity to leave a job: A field study with managers. Journal of Business and Psychology, 12(2), 159-174. doi: 10.1023/A:1025018101302 URL
[154]	Rashid, M., Tasmin, R., Qureshi, M. I., & Shafiq, M. (2017). Relationship of servant leadership with employee inrole and extra-role performance in GLC’S of malaysia. City University Research Journal (Special Issue: AIC, Malaysia), 88-95.
[155]	Reinke, S. J. (2004). Service before self: Towards a theory of servant-leadership. Global Virtue Ethics Review, 5(3), 30-57.
[156]	Rivkin, W., Diestel, S., & Schmidt, K.-H. (2014). The positive relationship between servant leadership and employees’ psychological health: A multi-method approach. German Journal of Human Resource Management, 28(1-2): 52-72. doi: 10.1177/239700221402800104 URL
[157]	Schaubroeck, J., Lam, S. S. K., & Peng, A. C. (2011). Cognition-based and affect-based trust as mediators of leader behavior influences on team performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(4), 863-871. doi: 10.1037/a0022625 pmid: 21299271
[158]	Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi-sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(3), 293-315. doi: 10.1002/(ISSN)1099-1379 URL
[159]	Schneider, M. (2002). A stakeholder model of organizational leadership. Organization Science, 13(2), 209-220. doi: 10.1287/orsc.13.2.209.531 URL
[160]	Sendjaya, S. (2015). Personal and organizational excellence through servant leadership: Learning to serve, serving to lead, leading to transform. Switzerland: Springer.
[161]	Sendjaya, S., Eva, N., Butar, I. B., Robin, M., & Castles, S. (2019). SLBS-6: Validation of a Short Form of the Servant Leadership Behavior Scale. Journal of Business Ethics, 156(3), 941-956. doi: 10.1007/s10551-017-3594-3 URL
[162]	Sendjaya, S., Sarros, J. C., & Santora, J. C. (2008). Defining and measuring servant leadership behaviour in organizations. Journal of Management Studies, 45(2), 402-424. doi: 10.1111/joms.2007.45.issue-2 URL
[163]	She, Z., Li, B., Li, Q., London, M., & Yang, B. (2019). The double-edged sword of coaching: Relationships between managers’ coaching and their feelings of personal accomplishment and role overload. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 30(2), 245-266. doi: 10.1002/hrdq.2019.30.issue-2 URL
[164]	Siddiquei, A., Asmi, F., Asadullah, M. A., & Mir, F. (2021). Environmental-specific servant leadership as a strategic tool to accomplish environmental performance: A case of China. International Journal of Manpower, 42(7), 1161-1182. doi: 10.1108/IJM-07-2020-0350 URL
[165]	Skogstad, A., Einarsen, S., Torsheim, T., Aasland, M. S., & Hetland, H. (2007). The destructiveness of laissez-faire leadership behavior. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 12(1), 80-92. pmid: 17257068
[166]	Song, C., Park, K. R., & Kang, S. (2015). Servant leadership and team performance: The mediating role of knowledge- sharing climate. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 43(10), 1749-1760. doi: 10.2224/sbp.2015.43.10.1749 URL
[167]	Spears, L. C. (1998). Insights on leadership: Service, stewardship, spirit, and servant-leadership. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons.
[168]	Tajfel, H. (1978). Social categorization, social identity & social comparison. In Tajfel, H. (Ed.), Differentiation between social groups: Studies in the social psychology of intergroup relations (pp.61-76). London: Academic Press.
[169]	Trougakos, J. P., Beal, D. J., Cheng, B. H., Hideg, I., & Zweig, D. (2015). Too drained to help: A resource depletion perspective on daily interpersonal citizenship behaviors. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(1), 227-236. doi: 10.1037/a0038082 pmid: 25314365
[170]	van Dierendonck, D. (2011). Servant leadership: A review and synthesis. Journal of Management, 37(4), 1228-1261. doi: 10.1177/0149206310380462 URL
[171]	van Dierendonck, D., Stam, D., Boersma, P., de Windt, N., & Alkema, J. (2014). Same difference? Exploring the differential mechanisms linking servant leadership and transformational leadership to follower outcomes. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(3), 544-562. doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.11.014 URL
[172]	Vancouver, J. B., More, K. M., & Yoder, R. J. (2008). Self-efficacy and resource allocation: Support for a nonmonotonic, discontinuous model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(1), 35-47. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.93.1.35 pmid: 18211133
[173]	Walumbwa, F. O., Hartnell, C. A., & Oke, A. (2010). Servant leadership, procedural justice climate, service climate, employee attitudes, and organizational citizenship behavior: A cross‐level investigation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(3), 517-529. doi: 10.1037/a0018867 pmid: 20476830
[174]	Walumbwa, F. O., Muchiri, M. K., Misati, E., Wu, C., & Meiliani, M. (2018). Inspired to perform: A multilevel investigation of antecedents and consequences of thriving at work. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 39(1), 249-261. doi: 10.1002/job.v39.3 URL
[175]	Whetten, D. A. (1989). What constitutes a theoretical contribution?. Academy of Management Review, 14(4), 490-495. doi: 10.2307/258554 URL
[176]	Whiteley, P., Sy, T., & Johnson, S. K. (2012). Leaders’ conceptions of followers: Implications for naturally occurring Pygmalion effect. The Leadership Quarterly, 23(5), 822-834. doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2012.03.006 URL
[177]	Wu, L. Z., Tse, E. C. Y., Fu, P., Kwan, H. K., & Liu, J. (2013). The impact of servant leadership on hotel employees’ “servant behavior”. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 54(4), 383-395. doi: 10.1177/1938965513482519 URL
[178]	Wu, X., Hayter, M., Lee, A. J., Yuan, Y., Li, S., Bi, Y., ... Zhang, Y. (2020). Positive spiritual climate supports transformational leadership as means to reduce nursing burnout and intent to leave. Journal of nursing management, 28(4), 804-813. doi: 10.1111/jonm.v28.4 URL
[179]	Yang, J., Liu, H., & Gu, J. (2017). A multi-level study of servant leadership on creativity: The roles of self-efficacy and power distance. The Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 38(5), 610-629.
[180]	Yang, Z., Zhang, H., Kwan, H. K., & Chen, S. (2018). Crossover effects of servant leadership and job social support on employee spouses: The mediating role of employee organization-based self-esteem. Journal of Business Ethics, 147(3), 1-10. doi: 10.1007/s10551-017-3766-1 URL
[181]	Yoshida, D. T., Sendjaya, S., Hirst, G., & Cooper, B. (2014). Does servant leadership foster creativity and innovation? A multi-level mediation study of identification and prototypicality. Journal of Business Research, 67(7), 1395-1404. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.08.013 URL
[182]	Yu, L. (2017). Some things, if not all things, are about change: A time-based theory of abusive supervision (Unpublished doctorial dissertation). University of Minnesota.
[183]	Zargar, P., Sousan, A., & Farmanesh, P. (2019). Does trust in leader mediate the servant leadership style--job satisfaction relationship?. Management Science Letters, 9(13), 2253-2268.
[184]	Zhao, C., Liu, Y., & Gao, Z. (2016). An identification perspective of servant leadership’s effects. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 31(5), 898-913. doi: 10.1108/JMP-08-2014-0250 URL
[185]	Zhao, H. D., Peng, Z. L., & Chen, H. K. (2014). Compulsory citizenship behavior and organizational citizenship behavior: The role of organizational identification and perceived interactional justice. The Journal of Psychology, 148(2), 177-196. doi: 10.1080/00223980.2013.768591 URL

对象	结果变量		研究人员
对员工的影响	工作态度	工作满意度	Akdol & Arikboga, 2017; Al-Asadi et al., 2019; Farrington & Lillah, 2019; Mayer et al., 2008; Zargar et al., 2019; 邓志华, 陈维政, 2015; 凌茜等, 2009; 王杰群等, 2017; 朱玥, 王永跃, 2014; 张宗贺, 刘帮成, 2020
		生活满意度	Chughtai, 2018; Li et al., 2018; Latif et al., 2020; Siddiquei et al., 2021
		幸福感	Clarence et al., 2020; Maula-Bakhsh & Raziq, 2018; Pathak & Dey, 2019; Pathak & Jangalwa, 2018; 杜晨朵, 邢采, 2016; 董临萍, 於悠, 2017; 方慧等, 2018; 胡婧, 2019; 宋锟泰等, 2019
		信任感	Joseph & Winston, 2005; Dannhauser & Boshoff, 2006; Reinke, 2004
		公平感	Mayer et al., 2008; 凌茜等, 2009
		组织归属感	Lapointe & Vandenberghe, 2018; Liden et al., 2008; Ling et al., 2017; 凌茜等, 2009; 刘芳, 2011
		组织认同感	Zhao et al., 2016
		心理受权感	张秀娟, 2014
		感知的工作意义	Khan et al., 2015
		工作敬业度	Ling et al., 2017; van Dierendonck et al., 2014; 刘芳, 2011
		工作投入度	黄俊等, 2015
		工作繁荣	Walumbwa et al., 2018
		心理健康	Gotsis & Grimani, 2016
		工作玩世不恭(负向影响)	Bobbio et al., 2012
		自我损耗(负向影响)	Rivkin et al., 2014
		工作无聊感(负向影响)	Walumbwa et al., 2018
		离职倾向(负向影响)	Hunter et al., 2013; Jang & Kandampully, 2018; Liden et al., 2014
	工作行为	组织公民行为	Chen et al., 2015; Ehrhart, 2004; Elche et al., 2020; Liden et al., 2008; Walumbwa et al., 2010; Wu et al., 2013; Zhao et al., 2016
		助人行为	Neubert et al., 2008, 2016
		协作行为	Garber et al., 2009
		主动性行为	Bande et al., 2016; 刘燕君等, 2018
		服务导向行为	Ling et al., 2016; 凌茜等, 2009
		亲社会行为	Chen et al., 2015
		建言行为	Chughtai, 2016; Lapointe & Vandenberghe, 2018; 孟春艳等, 2014
		创新行为	Neubert et al., 2008; 黄俊等, 2015; 卢俊婷等, 2017; 张秀娟, 2014
		员工的企业社会责任行为	Grisaffe et al., 2016
		员工避免承担领导责任行为(负向影响)	Lacroix & Verdorfer, 2017
		越轨行为、反生产行为(负向影响)	马跃如, 李树, 2011
对员工的影响	工作绩效	员工之间的知识共享	Luu, 2016
		创造力/创新导向的工作结果	Jaiswal & Dhar, 2017; Liden et al., 2014; Neubert et al., 2008; 林钰莹等, 2015; Panaccio et al., 2015
		顾客导向的工作结果(如服务质量、顾客满意度)	Chen et al., 2015; Ling et al., 2016, 2017; Yang et al., 2018; 凌茜, 汪纯孝, 2010, 2011; 刘芳, 2011; 张峰等, 2015
		角色内工作绩效/工作绩效	Liden et al., 2008, 2014; Rashid et al., 2017; 凌茜, 汪纯孝, 2011; 李洪杰等, 2017; 孙健敏, 王碧英, 2009; 张晓英, 陶梅, 2015
对团队的影响	团队的组织归属感		凌茜, 汪纯孝, 2010
	团队的心理安全		Schaubroeck et al., 2011
	团队的服务氛围/信任氛围/公平氛围		凌茜, 汪纯孝, 2010; Ling et al., 2017; Ehrhart, 2004
	团队的服务文化		Liden et al., 2014
	团队的组织公民行为		Chiniara & Bentein, 2016; Ehrhart, 2004; Hu & Liden, 2011; Hunter et al., 2013
	团队创造力与创新水平		Yang et al., 2017; Yoshida et al., 2014
	团队效能		Hu & Liden, 2011; Irving & Longbotham, 2007
	团队绩效		Hunter et al., 2013; Hu & Liden, 2011; Song et al., 2015; 周静静等, 2014
对组织的影响	组织的服务氛围		Huang et al., 2016
	员工导向的组织文化		张新怀, 陈金龙, 2016
	运营绩效/组织绩效		Overstreet et al., 2014; Alafeshat & Aboud, 2019; Peterson et al., 2012
对领导自身的影响	自我损耗、工作-家庭冲突		康勇军, 彭坚, 2019^*
	状态损耗、放任型领导行为		Liao et al., 2021^*
	领导心理权利、辱虐管理		高日光等, 2021^*

对象	结果变量		研究人员
对员工的影响	工作态度	工作满意度	Akdol & Arikboga, 2017; Al-Asadi et al., 2019; Farrington & Lillah, 2019; Mayer et al., 2008; Zargar et al., 2019; 邓志华, 陈维政, 2015; 凌茜等, 2009; 王杰群等, 2017; 朱玥, 王永跃, 2014; 张宗贺, 刘帮成, 2020
		生活满意度	Chughtai, 2018; Li et al., 2018; Latif et al., 2020; Siddiquei et al., 2021
		幸福感	Clarence et al., 2020; Maula-Bakhsh & Raziq, 2018; Pathak & Dey, 2019; Pathak & Jangalwa, 2018; 杜晨朵, 邢采, 2016; 董临萍, 於悠, 2017; 方慧等, 2018; 胡婧, 2019; 宋锟泰等, 2019
		信任感	Joseph & Winston, 2005; Dannhauser & Boshoff, 2006; Reinke, 2004
		公平感	Mayer et al., 2008; 凌茜等, 2009
		组织归属感	Lapointe & Vandenberghe, 2018; Liden et al., 2008; Ling et al., 2017; 凌茜等, 2009; 刘芳, 2011
		组织认同感	Zhao et al., 2016
		心理受权感	张秀娟, 2014
		感知的工作意义	Khan et al., 2015
		工作敬业度	Ling et al., 2017; van Dierendonck et al., 2014; 刘芳, 2011
		工作投入度	黄俊等, 2015
		工作繁荣	Walumbwa et al., 2018
		心理健康	Gotsis & Grimani, 2016
		工作玩世不恭(负向影响)	Bobbio et al., 2012
		自我损耗(负向影响)	Rivkin et al., 2014
		工作无聊感(负向影响)	Walumbwa et al., 2018
		离职倾向(负向影响)	Hunter et al., 2013; Jang & Kandampully, 2018; Liden et al., 2014
	工作行为	组织公民行为	Chen et al., 2015; Ehrhart, 2004; Elche et al., 2020; Liden et al., 2008; Walumbwa et al., 2010; Wu et al., 2013; Zhao et al., 2016
		助人行为	Neubert et al., 2008, 2016
		协作行为	Garber et al., 2009
		主动性行为	Bande et al., 2016; 刘燕君等, 2018
		服务导向行为	Ling et al., 2016; 凌茜等, 2009
		亲社会行为	Chen et al., 2015
		建言行为	Chughtai, 2016; Lapointe & Vandenberghe, 2018; 孟春艳等, 2014
		创新行为	Neubert et al., 2008; 黄俊等, 2015; 卢俊婷等, 2017; 张秀娟, 2014
		员工的企业社会责任行为	Grisaffe et al., 2016
		员工避免承担领导责任行为(负向影响)	Lacroix & Verdorfer, 2017
		越轨行为、反生产行为(负向影响)	马跃如, 李树, 2011
对员工的影响	工作绩效	员工之间的知识共享	Luu, 2016
		创造力/创新导向的工作结果	Jaiswal & Dhar, 2017; Liden et al., 2014; Neubert et al., 2008; 林钰莹等, 2015; Panaccio et al., 2015
		顾客导向的工作结果(如服务质量、顾客满意度)	Chen et al., 2015; Ling et al., 2016, 2017; Yang et al., 2018; 凌茜, 汪纯孝, 2010, 2011; 刘芳, 2011; 张峰等, 2015
		角色内工作绩效/工作绩效	Liden et al., 2008, 2014; Rashid et al., 2017; 凌茜, 汪纯孝, 2011; 李洪杰等, 2017; 孙健敏, 王碧英, 2009; 张晓英, 陶梅, 2015
对团队的影响	团队的组织归属感		凌茜, 汪纯孝, 2010
	团队的心理安全		Schaubroeck et al., 2011
	团队的服务氛围/信任氛围/公平氛围		凌茜, 汪纯孝, 2010; Ling et al., 2017; Ehrhart, 2004
	团队的服务文化		Liden et al., 2014
	团队的组织公民行为		Chiniara & Bentein, 2016; Ehrhart, 2004; Hu & Liden, 2011; Hunter et al., 2013
	团队创造力与创新水平		Yang et al., 2017; Yoshida et al., 2014
	团队效能		Hu & Liden, 2011; Irving & Longbotham, 2007
	团队绩效		Hunter et al., 2013; Hu & Liden, 2011; Song et al., 2015; 周静静等, 2014
对组织的影响	组织的服务氛围		Huang et al., 2016
	员工导向的组织文化		张新怀, 陈金龙, 2016
	运营绩效/组织绩效		Overstreet et al., 2014; Alafeshat & Aboud, 2019; Peterson et al., 2012
对领导自身的影响	自我损耗、工作-家庭冲突		康勇军, 彭坚, 2019^*
	状态损耗、放任型领导行为		Liao et al., 2021^*
	领导心理权利、辱虐管理		高日光等, 2021^*