ISSN 1671-3710
CN 11-4766/R
主办:中国科学院心理研究所
出版:科学出版社

心理科学进展 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (3): 703-714.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2022.00703

• 研究前沿 • 上一篇    

非体面工作者职业污名的作用机制及其应对策略

张光磊, 黄婷, 殷向洲()   

  1. 武汉理工大学管理学院, 武汉 430070
  • 收稿日期:2021-05-19 出版日期:2022-03-15 发布日期:2022-01-25
  • 通讯作者: 殷向洲 E-mail:yxzpl@whut.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(71972149)

The mechanism of dirty worker occupational stigma and its coping strategies

ZhANG Guanglei, HUANG Ting, YIN Xiangzhou()   

  1. School of Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
  • Received:2021-05-19 Online:2022-03-15 Published:2022-01-25
  • Contact: YIN Xiangzhou E-mail:yxzpl@whut.edu.cn

摘要:

“非体面工作”是指在身体上令人不悦、社会认知程度不高的工作, 或者与我们道德观念中更英雄主义的东西背道而驰的工作类型。通过回顾非体面工作从业者职业污名的相关文献, 对非体面工作和职业污名的概念内涵进行划分与辨析; 基于认知评价理论构建了职业污名威胁感知过程模型, 探讨了非体面工作从业者职业污名的前因、评估、应对策略以及可能产生的潜在后果; 提出了未来潜在研究方向:(1)从动态视角探索职业污名的来源; (2)结合个体和情境因素探索职业污名管理的作用路径和作用效果; (3)考虑多样文化背景。

关键词: 非体面工作, 职业污名, 自我意识, 认知评估

Abstract:

“Dirty work” refers to occupational activities that are physically disgusting, that symbolize degradation, that wound the individual’s dignity, or that run counter to the more heroic of our moral conceptions. Firstly, the definition of dirty work is defined from the perspective of objective work characteristics, subjective cognition and contingency, and individual stigma, occupational stigma and organizational stigma are differentiated from the three dimensions of generation, management and dissemination. Secondly, a process model of perceived threat of occupational stigma was constructed based on cognitive evaluation theory, including :(1) antecedents and characteristics of occupational stigma. Antecedents of occupational stigma can be divided into macro factors (laws/regulations/social policies and socio-cultural environment), medium factors (media) and micro factors (public, dirty workers and dirty characteristics of work). The characteristics of occupational stigma are concealability, controllability, centrality and Disruptiveness. (2) Strategies for managing occupational stigma. According to the object and level of change, management strategies can be divided into four categories: individual/behavioral strategy, individual/cognitive strategy, collective/behavioral strategy and collective/cognitive strategy. Individual/behavioral strategies, including personal mobility, information management and confronting or countering outsiders' perceptions of taint and outsiders' behaviours, mainly refer to the strategies used by dirty workers to avoid damage to their own image by keeping a distance from negative occupational groups and distracting the attention of the audience, or to change others' negative evaluation of dirty work by taking active actions. Individual/cognitive strategies, including individualized strategies, acceptance, and emotional labor, mainly refer to the strategies used by dirty workers to reduce the negative impact of occupational stigma by reconstructing their individual cognition. Collective/behavioral strategies, including social competition and realistic competition, mainly refer to the strategies used by dirty workers to improve their professional status and protect their self-esteem from threats associated with occupational stigma through inter-group competition. Collective/cognitive strategies, including occupational ideologies and social weighting, mainly refer to the strategies used by dirty workers to improve their job evaluations by challenging the validity of occupational stigma.; (3) The impact of occupational stigma on dirty workers. The results can be divided into three categories: based on mental health, attitudes and behaviors at work, and relationship outcomes. The effects on mental health are reflected in the stress and negative emotions experienced by dirty workers. The influence on work attitude and behavior is manifested in low job satisfaction, low job meaning perception, high relative deprivation, high dimission behavior, counterproductive work behavior, job burnout and low task performance. The influence on interpersonal relationship is reflected in the perception of social isolation, disrespect and discrimination of dirty workers in interpersonal communication. Potential future research directions are proposed: (1) To explore the sources of occupational stigma from a dynamic perspective; (2) To explore the path and effect of occupational stigma management based on individual and situational factors; (2)To consider diverse cultural backgrounds.

Key words: dirty work, occupational stigma, self-awareness, cognitive evaluation

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