冲动还是习惯?成瘾不同阶段中冲动性的性质与机制

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2019.00834

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

冲动性是一种缺乏充分思考、不顾后果的冒险行为或行为倾向, 它既表现在人格特质中, 也会表现为各类环境中的行为。成瘾者具有典型的冲动性特征, 但成瘾者的冲动性是如何影响和促进成瘾行为的发生、发展, 目前还并不明朗。从成瘾形成的不同阶段, 也许可以对此有更进一步的了解。在药物使用的开始阶段, 冲动性人格特质作为动机原因, 促进成瘾物质的首次使用; 接着操作性条件学习导致用药者进入“目标-导向”阶段, 呈现出选择冲动性。第三阶段, 经典条件学习又使相关线索和药物效应不断匹配, 形成条件反射性药物使用行为。成瘾者进入习惯性用药阶段, 表现出显著的停止冲动性。

关键词: 成瘾行为, 冲动性, 习惯性用药行为, “目标-导向”行为;

Abstract:

Impulsivity is a type of risky behavior or tendency of carrying out such behavior without sufficient consideration of its consequences. It could be represented by impulsive behavior-related personality traits and also delaying discounting or proponent response inhibition. A large number of researches have indicated that the impulsive behavior is implicated in the stages of initiation, maintenance, and relapse of drug-seeking behaviors that are involved in drug addiction. However, how impulsivity influence and facilitate the process of drug addiction is yet to be clarified. Analyzing the impulsivity of the different stages of addiction may lead to further understanding. At the beginning stage of drug use, impulsive personality trait plays a role of motivation to facilitate the drug use behavior. Then continuous operant condition learning leads drug users to enter the goal-oriented stage and presents impulsive selection tendency. At the third stage, classical conditional learning promotes the matching of related cues and drug effects, forming a conditioned reflex. Addicts enter the stage of habitual drug use and show stop impulsivity.

Key words: addiction behavior, impulsivity, habitual drug use behavior, goal-directed behavior.

中图分类号:

B845

王鹏飞, 严瑞婷, 苗心, 曾红. (2019). 冲动还是习惯?成瘾不同阶段中冲动性的性质与机制. 心理科学进展 , 27(5), 834-842.

WANG PengFei, YAN RuiTing, MIAO Xin, ZENG Hong. (2019). Impulsivity or habitual behavior? The function and mechanism of impulsivity in different phases of drug addiction. Advances in Psychological Science, 27(5), 834-842.

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