ISSN 1671-3710
CN 11-4766/R
主办:中国科学院心理研究所
出版:科学出版社

心理科学进展 ›› 2019, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (2): 329-343.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2019.00329

• 研究前沿 • 上一篇    下一篇

药物成瘾者决策缺陷的特征、机制及干预

杨玲, 姚东伟(), 曹华, 王斌强, 何圆圆, 苏红婷   

  1. 西北师范大学心理学院, 兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2017-11-16 出版日期:2019-02-15 发布日期:2018-12-25
  • 通讯作者: 姚东伟 E-mail:cccpsky@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    * 国家自然科学基金项目“奖赏对海洛因成瘾者的执行功能的影响机制” 资助(31660276)

The characteristics, mechanisms and interventions of drug addicts' decision-making defects

YANG Ling, YAO Dongwei(), CAO Hua, WANG Binqiang, HE Yuanyuan, SU Hongting   

  1. School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
  • Received:2017-11-16 Online:2019-02-15 Published:2018-12-25
  • Contact: YAO Dongwei E-mail:cccpsky@163.com

摘要:

药物成瘾者存在决策缺陷, 并表现出冲动性、风险寻求、奖赏失调、躯体内感信号缺失等特征。神经影像学研究表明药物滥用导致成瘾者背外侧前额皮层、前扣带回、眶额叶皮层、腹内侧前额皮层、杏仁核、脑岛等脑区受损, 这些损伤是引发其决策缺陷的主要原因。认知训练有利于提高个体的决策能力, 如目标管理训练和正念冥想等可以增强个体工作记忆、促进自我觉察和以目标为导向的行为; 而非侵入性脑刺激则可以直接改变与成瘾者决策相关脑区的激活状态, 从而提升与决策相关的认知功能。总体而言, 未来认知训练和非侵入性脑刺激在成瘾干预方面仍有广阔的拓展空间。

关键词: 药物成瘾, 决策缺陷, 成瘾干预, 冲动性, 风险寻求, 奖赏失调

Abstract:

Drug addicts have decision-making defects, and show the characteristics of impulsivity, risk-taking, dysfunctional reward processing, and lack of signals in bodies. Neuroimaging studies have shown that abuse of addictive drugs may cause damage to some brain areas such as DLPFC, ACC, OFC, VMPFC, Amygdala, Insula, etc, that may be incur addicts' decision-making defects. Cognitive training is beneficial to improve individuals' decision-making ability, for instance, goal management training and mindfulness meditation can improve working memory, promote self-awareness and goal oriented behavior; while, noninvasive brain stimulation can directly change the active state of addicts' brain regions that related to decision-making, hence, the cognitive function related to decision-making is improved. All in all, in the future cognitive training and noninvasive brain stimulation still have a broad space to expand in the aspect of addiction intervention.

Key words: drug addiction, decision-making defects, addiction intervention, impulsivity, risk-taking, dysfunctional reward processing

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