自闭症谱系障碍者抑制控制的影响因素及神经机制

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2018.01450

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)是一种起源于儿童期的神经发育障碍, ASD的重复刻板行为与其抑制控制发展有密切关系。使用Go/No-go、Flanker及Stroop等范式的研究发现, ASD者抑制控制受损主要表现为反应抑制和干扰抑制能力存在缺陷; 其主要影响因素是任务状态、被试年龄及取样; 涉及的脑区和脑网络集中在前额皮层、前扣带回和基底神经节; 涉及的基因集中在谷氨酸盐、γ-氨基丁酸与5-羟色胺三种神经递质。未来应从脑机制研究入手, 综合考虑任务状态、个体特征对研究结果造成的影响, 并着力开发更有效的干预模式。

关键词: 自闭症谱系障碍, 抑制控制, 影响因素, 网络连接, 脑机制

Abstract:

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood. The repetitive behavior of people with ASD is closely related to the development of inhibitory control. The studies which used of Go/No-go, Flanker and Stroop tasks found that the inhibitory control of people with ASD was mainly manifested as a deficit in response inhibition and interference inhibition. Task status, subjects age and sampling were the main factors that affected inhibitory control of people with ASD. Previous studies have shown that inhibitory control correlated with brain regions including: prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex and basal ganglia. The genes related to inhibitory control including: glutamate, gamma aminobutyric acid and 5- serotonin. The future study should start with the research of brain mechanism, taking into account the influence of task status and individual characteristics on the research results, and put forth effort to the development of more effective intervention model.

Key words: autism, inhibitory control, influential factors, network connection, brain mechanism

中图分类号:

B845
R395

孙岩, 房林, 王亭予, 崔丽. (2018). 自闭症谱系障碍者抑制控制的影响因素及神经机制. 心理科学进展 , 26(8), 1450-1464.

SUN Yan, FANG Lin, WANG Tingyu, CUI Li. (2018). The influence factors and neural mechanisms of inhibitory control in autism spectrum disorders. Advances in Psychological Science, 26(8), 1450-1464.

图/表 1

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资料来源	被试及数量	年龄范围(岁)	任务范式	测量工具	研究结果
Schmitz et al., 2006	ASD：8 正常组：10	18~52	Go/No-go任务 Stroop任务	fMRI	ASD组左下眶额叶皮层、右IFG与左脑岛激活显著增加, 右侧额下回灰质密度增加
Kana et al., 2007	ASD：12 正常组：12	19.1~34.5 19.3~25.7	包含有工作记忆成分的Go/No-go任务	fMRI	ASD组ACC激活降低, 前脑岛激活减少; ACC与右侧额-顶抑制脑网络的同步性更低
Chan et al., 2011	ASD：20 正常组：20	7~14 7~14	Go/No-go任务	EEG	ASD组在No-go条件下的ACC激活显著低于正常组
Langen et al., 2012	ASD：21 正常组：22	19~44 19~44	Go/No-go任务	sMRI (structural MRI) DTI (diffusion tensor imaging)	ASD大脑总体白质体积显著小于正常被试, 连接壳核与前额皮层之间的白质连接强度减弱
Duerden et al., 2013	ASD：19 正常组：20	19.6~39.4 20.8~43.4	面孔表情识别的 Go/No-go任务	fMRI	正常组激活VLPFC、DLPFC、楔前叶、ACC、前脑岛、梭状回、顶下小叶和颞中回, ASD组的VLPFC和右侧梭状回激活更大
Daly et al., 2014	ASD：14 正常组：14	18~44 20~42	Go/No-go任务	fMRI	ASD组的额下皮质区、基底神经节、丘脑、小脑存在激活异常
Solomon et al., 2014	ASD₁：13 ASD₂：14 正常组₁：13 正常组₂：14	12~15 16~18 12~15 16~18	准备执行优势反应抑制任务(Preparing to Overcome Prepotency “POP” Task )	fMRI	16~18岁组的ASD在VLPFC和双侧ACC之间的功能连接增强, 16~18岁组的ASD的左顶叶激活减少
Padmanabhan et al., 2015	ASD₁: 8 ASD₂: 11 正常组₁：14 正常组₂：9	19~33 13~17 18~31 12~17	反眼跳任务与视觉引导任务(visually guided saccade, VGS)	fMRI	ASD青少年壳核与楔前叶激活更大, 顶下小叶的激活水平下降
Velasquez et al., 2017	ASD: 19 正常组：22	18~35 20~46	面孔表情识别 Go/No-go任务	fMRI	ASD组角回与梭状回激活更大, ASD组ACC与楔前叶激活降低

资料来源	被试及数量	年龄范围(岁)	任务范式	测量工具	研究结果
Schmitz et al., 2006	ASD：8 正常组：10	18~52	Go/No-go任务 Stroop任务	fMRI	ASD组左下眶额叶皮层、右IFG与左脑岛激活显著增加, 右侧额下回灰质密度增加
Kana et al., 2007	ASD：12 正常组：12	19.1~34.5 19.3~25.7	包含有工作记忆成分的Go/No-go任务	fMRI	ASD组ACC激活降低, 前脑岛激活减少; ACC与右侧额-顶抑制脑网络的同步性更低
Chan et al., 2011	ASD：20 正常组：20	7~14 7~14	Go/No-go任务	EEG	ASD组在No-go条件下的ACC激活显著低于正常组
Langen et al., 2012	ASD：21 正常组：22	19~44 19~44	Go/No-go任务	sMRI (structural MRI) DTI (diffusion tensor imaging)	ASD大脑总体白质体积显著小于正常被试, 连接壳核与前额皮层之间的白质连接强度减弱
Duerden et al., 2013	ASD：19 正常组：20	19.6~39.4 20.8~43.4	面孔表情识别的 Go/No-go任务	fMRI	正常组激活VLPFC、DLPFC、楔前叶、ACC、前脑岛、梭状回、顶下小叶和颞中回, ASD组的VLPFC和右侧梭状回激活更大
Daly et al., 2014	ASD：14 正常组：14	18~44 20~42	Go/No-go任务	fMRI	ASD组的额下皮质区、基底神经节、丘脑、小脑存在激活异常
Solomon et al., 2014	ASD₁：13 ASD₂：14 正常组₁：13 正常组₂：14	12~15 16~18 12~15 16~18	准备执行优势反应抑制任务(Preparing to Overcome Prepotency “POP” Task )	fMRI	16~18岁组的ASD在VLPFC和双侧ACC之间的功能连接增强, 16~18岁组的ASD的左顶叶激活减少
Padmanabhan et al., 2015	ASD₁: 8 ASD₂: 11 正常组₁：14 正常组₂：9	19~33 13~17 18~31 12~17	反眼跳任务与视觉引导任务(visually guided saccade, VGS)	fMRI	ASD青少年壳核与楔前叶激活更大, 顶下小叶的激活水平下降
Velasquez et al., 2017	ASD: 19 正常组：22	18~35 20~46	面孔表情识别 Go/No-go任务	fMRI	ASD组角回与梭状回激活更大, ASD组ACC与楔前叶激活降低

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