工作记忆的神经振荡调控：基于神经振荡夹带现象

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2022.00802

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

工作记忆的神经振荡机制研究是当前记忆领域的研究热点之一。那么, 神经振荡仅仅是工作记忆过程的伴随现象, 还是直接参与并调控了工作记忆的加工过程?已有研究发现, 大脑内部的神经振荡活动在外界节律性刺激的驱动下, 逐步与外界刺激节律相位同步化, 这一现象被称为“神经振荡夹带”。重复经颅磁刺激(repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, rTMS)和经颅交流电刺激(transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation, tACS)干预研究基于此现象, 对大脑局部脑区施加节律性磁、电刺激, 进而调控工作记忆过程中特定频段的神经振荡活动、跨频段的神经振荡耦合或跨脑区的神经振荡相位同步, 为神经振荡参与工作记忆加工提供较为直接的因果证据。未来研究需考虑从脑网络的角度出发, 调控多个脑区之间的神经振荡活动, 进一步考察神经振荡对工作记忆的影响。此外, 还需注意探索和优化rTMS/tACS调控工作记忆的刺激方案, 并辅以客观的脑电记录, 提高该类研究的有效性和可重复性, 最终达到提高工作记忆能力的目的。

关键词: 工作记忆, 神经振荡夹带, 重复经颅磁刺激, 经颅交流电刺激

Abstract:

The study of the neural oscillation mechanism of working memory (WM) is one of the current research hotspots in the field of memory. Previous studies have provided abundant evidence for the relationship between working memory process and brain oscillation by magnetoencephalography (MEG)/ electroencephalography (EEG). However, that naturally invites a question: it is yet not clear whether neural oscillations are only a concomitant phenomenon in the WM process, or if they are directly involved in and can help regulating the WM processing. Several studies have found that brain neural oscillatory activity could be driven by external rhythmic stimuli and gradually synchronizes with the phase of external rhythmic stimuli via a phenomenon known as "neural oscillatory entrainment". Based on this, a lot of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) intervention studies conducted by modulating neural oscillatory activity provided more direct causal evidence of the relationship between neural oscillatory activity and working memory processing. We reviewed the rTMS/tACS studied on the field of human working memory which provided the casual evidence between the working memory processing (such as encoding, retention and retrieval) and neural oscillatory activity in specific frequency bands, phase-amplitude synchronization and phase synchronization between brain regions. Future studies may look into modulating multiple brain nodes underlying WM by a network approach via rTMS/tACS. Besides, to improve the effectiveness and repeatability of rTMS/tACS intervention, new research in the field should also clarify how to effectively apply rTMS/tACS intervention, supplemented with objective EEG recording to monitor the neural oscillation entrainment.

Key words: working memory, oscillation entrainment, rTMS, tACS

中图分类号:

B842

王鑫麟, 邱晓悦, 翁旭初, 杨平. (2022). 工作记忆的神经振荡调控：基于神经振荡夹带现象. 心理科学进展 , 30(4), 802-816.

WANG Xinlin, QIU Xiaoyue, WENG Xuchu, YANG Ping. (2022). Modulating working memory related-oscillation via entrainment of neural oscillation. Advances in Psychological Science, 30(4), 802-816.

图/表 1

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研究	方法	刺激部位	刺激时间	刺激频率	实验范式	神经振荡夹带监测	神经振荡夹带结果
Beynel et al., 2019	rTMS	左侧DLPFC	记忆编码之前/延迟期间25个脉冲/试次	5 Hz	延迟匹配字母排序任务	无	无
Riddle et al., 2020	rTMS	左侧DLPFC	工作记忆维持期4个脉冲/试次	5 Hz	回溯线索工作记忆任务	无	无
Jaušovec et al., 2014	tACS	F3, P3电极	15min(offline)	theta	数字广度测验; 空间工作记忆任务	无	无
Albouy et al., 2017	rTMS	左侧IPS	工作记忆维持期5个脉冲/试次	5 Hz	听觉工作记忆任务	EEG	IPS的theta振荡能量增强; 额顶脑区theta相位同步增强
Li et al., 2017	rTMS	顶上小叶	工作记忆维持期15个脉冲/试次	5 Hz	Sternberg任务	EEG	顶叶脑区theta振荡能量增强; 额顶脑区theta相位同步增强
Polanía et al., 2012	tACS	F3, P3电极	12.5~15.5 min (online)	6 Hz, 35 Hz同相/反相	延迟字母识别任务	无	无
Alekseichuk et al., 2017	tACS	AF3, AF4, P3, P4电极	17~19 min (on line)	6 Hz同相/反相	视觉空间工作记忆任务	EEG	额顶脑区theta相位同步减弱
Reinhart & Nguyen, 2019	HD-tACS	左侧前额叶与颞叶	25 min(online+offline)	8 Hz (同相)	变化检测任务	EEG	额颞脑区theta相位同步增强
Sauseng et al., 2009	rTMS	P4电极	工作记忆维持期9个脉冲/试次	10 Hz	双侧视野变化探测任务	无	无
Borghini et al., 2018	tACS	双侧顶叶	20 min (on line)	10 Hz	回溯线索工作记忆任务	无	无
Emrich et al., 2017	rTMS	左侧IPS	工作记忆维持期10个脉冲/试次	10 Hz	延迟匹配任务	EEG	顶叶alpha振荡能量增强及其与工作记忆行为呈正相关
Riddle et al., 2020	rTMS	左侧IPS	工作记忆维持期4个脉冲/试次	10 Hz	回溯线索工作记忆任务	无	无
Hamidi et al., 2009	rTMS	左侧SPL	30个脉冲/试次	10 Hz	延迟匹配任务	EEG	顶叶alpha振荡能量增强与工作记忆行为呈负相关
Hoy et al., 2015	tACS	F3电极	20 min (online+offline)	40 Hz	n-back任务	无	无
Tseng et al., 2016	tACS	CP1, T5电极	20min (online+offline)	40 Hz (反相)	变化检测任务	无	无
Vosskuhl et al., 2015	tACS	FCz, Pz电极	18 min (off line)	低于个体theta频率	数字广度测验	EEG	顶叶theta振荡能量增强
Bender et al., 2019; Wolinski et al., 2018	tACS	P4电极	实验全程 (on line)	4 Hz	视觉空间工作记忆任务	无	无
Alekseichuk et al., 2016	tACS	左侧PFC	10 min (off line)	耦合节律 (theta 6 Hz的波峰/波谷分别与gamma 40 Hz、80 Hz、100 Hz、140 Hz、200 Hz耦合)	视觉空间工作记忆任务	EEG	大脑全局theta相位网络的增强及其与工作记忆行为呈正相关

研究	方法	刺激部位	刺激时间	刺激频率	实验范式	神经振荡夹带监测	神经振荡夹带结果
Beynel et al., 2019	rTMS	左侧DLPFC	记忆编码之前/延迟期间25个脉冲/试次	5 Hz	延迟匹配字母排序任务	无	无
Riddle et al., 2020	rTMS	左侧DLPFC	工作记忆维持期4个脉冲/试次	5 Hz	回溯线索工作记忆任务	无	无
Jaušovec et al., 2014	tACS	F3, P3电极	15min(offline)	theta	数字广度测验; 空间工作记忆任务	无	无
Albouy et al., 2017	rTMS	左侧IPS	工作记忆维持期5个脉冲/试次	5 Hz	听觉工作记忆任务	EEG	IPS的theta振荡能量增强; 额顶脑区theta相位同步增强
Li et al., 2017	rTMS	顶上小叶	工作记忆维持期15个脉冲/试次	5 Hz	Sternberg任务	EEG	顶叶脑区theta振荡能量增强; 额顶脑区theta相位同步增强
Polanía et al., 2012	tACS	F3, P3电极	12.5~15.5 min (online)	6 Hz, 35 Hz同相/反相	延迟字母识别任务	无	无
Alekseichuk et al., 2017	tACS	AF3, AF4, P3, P4电极	17~19 min (on line)	6 Hz同相/反相	视觉空间工作记忆任务	EEG	额顶脑区theta相位同步减弱
Reinhart & Nguyen, 2019	HD-tACS	左侧前额叶与颞叶	25 min(online+offline)	8 Hz (同相)	变化检测任务	EEG	额颞脑区theta相位同步增强
Sauseng et al., 2009	rTMS	P4电极	工作记忆维持期9个脉冲/试次	10 Hz	双侧视野变化探测任务	无	无
Borghini et al., 2018	tACS	双侧顶叶	20 min (on line)	10 Hz	回溯线索工作记忆任务	无	无
Emrich et al., 2017	rTMS	左侧IPS	工作记忆维持期10个脉冲/试次	10 Hz	延迟匹配任务	EEG	顶叶alpha振荡能量增强及其与工作记忆行为呈正相关
Riddle et al., 2020	rTMS	左侧IPS	工作记忆维持期4个脉冲/试次	10 Hz	回溯线索工作记忆任务	无	无
Hamidi et al., 2009	rTMS	左侧SPL	30个脉冲/试次	10 Hz	延迟匹配任务	EEG	顶叶alpha振荡能量增强与工作记忆行为呈负相关
Hoy et al., 2015	tACS	F3电极	20 min (online+offline)	40 Hz	n-back任务	无	无
Tseng et al., 2016	tACS	CP1, T5电极	20min (online+offline)	40 Hz (反相)	变化检测任务	无	无
Vosskuhl et al., 2015	tACS	FCz, Pz电极	18 min (off line)	低于个体theta频率	数字广度测验	EEG	顶叶theta振荡能量增强
Bender et al., 2019; Wolinski et al., 2018	tACS	P4电极	实验全程 (on line)	4 Hz	视觉空间工作记忆任务	无	无
Alekseichuk et al., 2016	tACS	左侧PFC	10 min (off line)	耦合节律 (theta 6 Hz的波峰/波谷分别与gamma 40 Hz、80 Hz、100 Hz、140 Hz、200 Hz耦合)	视觉空间工作记忆任务	EEG	大脑全局theta相位网络的增强及其与工作记忆行为呈正相关