生命意义寻求的原因：成长抑或危机

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2018.02192

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生命意义寻求指追求对自己生活的理解、发现或确立生活目的、或者寻求生命重要感的动机和努力。当前, 学界关于意义寻求的动因并未达成共识。“缺失恢复观”认为生命意义寻求的动力缘于意义缺失, 意义一旦恢复, 个体的寻求努力便会衰减; 而“生命肯定观”则主张生命意义寻求的动力缘于对自我生命意义体验的巩固和加强, 个体在寻求意义的过程中将永远保持不竭的动力。本文介绍和讨论了两种观点的证据、不足和适用情形, 并在此基础上提出了意义寻求的前置因素模型。该模型假设意义寻求以意义需求为前提, 认为只要知觉到的当前意义低于或高于原有意义水平, 就会诱发意义寻求动机。未来研究亟需编制多维意义寻求量表、加强该领域的实验研究并探索影响意义寻求判断的因素。

关键词: 生命意义感, 意义寻求, 缺失恢复, 生命肯定

Abstract:

The search for meaning in life refers to the motivation and effort in understanding one’s own life, finding or establishing life purpose, or accomplishing life significance. Unfortunately, consensus is still lacking on its cause. Deficit correcting hypothesis holds that, meaning search primarily originates from its absence or deficit, and once meaning restored, the search would decay. As opposed, Life affirming hypothesis maintains that, meaning search stems from the motivation to consolidate and strengthen life experience, and therefore the effort is always incessant. This article discusses the evidence, deficiencies and applicable situations of above two perspectives, and on this base proposes an "antecedent factor model" to account for the determinants of search for meaning in life. This model hypothesizes meaning need as the premise of meaning search, and believe the motive to search for meaning would arise as long as the current "meaning level" is perceived to be lower or higher than the original state. Future research should develop multidimensional meaning search scales, strengthen experimental research, and explore factors that influence meaning search judgment.

Key words: meaning in life, search for meaning, life affirming, deficit correcting

中图分类号:

R395

李占宏, 赵梦娇, 刘慧瀛, 刘亚楠, 彭凯平. (2018). 生命意义寻求的原因：成长抑或危机. 心理科学进展 , 26(12), 2192-2203.

LI Zhanhong, ZHAO Mengjiao, LIU Huiying, LIU Yanan, PENG Kaiping. (2018). The cause of search for meaning in life: Life affirming or deficit correcting. Advances in Psychological Science, 26(12), 2192-2203.

图/表 2

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