ISSN 1671-3710
CN 11-4766/R
主办：中国科学院心理研究所
出版：科学出版社

心理科学进展 ›› 2013, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (11): 2057-2063.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2013.02057

• 研究前沿 • 上一篇    下一篇

合作行为的产生机制及影响因素 —— 基于进化心理学视角下的探讨

谢文澜;汪祚军;王霏;张林   

  1. (1宁波大学心理学系暨研究所, 宁波 315211) (2厦门大学广告系, 厦门 361005)
  • 收稿日期:2012-10-08 出版日期:2013-11-15 发布日期:2013-11-15
  • 通讯作者: 张林;汪祚军
  • 基金资助:

    国家社会科学基金项目(12BSH055), 国家自然科学基金项目(31200791)及浙江省自然科学基金项目(LQ12G01001)。

A Review on Cooperation from the Point of View of Evolutionary Psychology

XIE Wenlan;WANG Zuojun;WANG Fei;ZHANG Lin   

  1. (1 Department of Psychology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China) (2 Department of Advertising, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China)
  • Received:2012-10-08 Online:2013-11-15 Published:2013-11-15
  • Contact: ZHANG Lin;WANG Zuojun

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摘要：

合作普遍存在于动物界和人类社会。研究者在进化心理学视角下提出一系列有关合作起源和进化的机制及影响因素。合作进化机制理论主要包括亲缘选择、直接利益、互惠和文化适应等, 影响因素则主要包括制度设置、群体认同、不对等地位等。未来研究可纳入社会互动、社会变迁, 以及社会地位、经济地位不对等等因素来考察合作的产生和进化。

关键词: 合作, 进化, 亲缘选择, 互惠, 劣势

Abstract:

Cooperation means that selfish individuals help one another at the cost of some of their own reproductive potential. However, cooperation has been observed in several levels of biological organization and among animals and humans. From the point of view of evolutionary psychology, a series of theories was proposed to account for the evolution of cooperation, such as kin selection, direct benefits, reciprocation, and culture adaption. To avoid free riding or defection, some systems, such as communication channels and social sanctioning, need to be set. Furthermore, strong group identification could promote cooperation, while dominance hierarchy formed in selection had complex effects on cooperation. Future research could further investigate the effects of social status of an individual within a group, social interaction of individuals within a group or between groups, or changing social norms on the evolution of cooperation.

Key words: Cooperation, evolution, kin selection, reciprocity, disadvantage