2010~2020中国内地高中生心理健康问题检出率的元分析

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2022.00978

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

我国高中生心理健康问题的检出率亟需关注, 许多研究对此进行了探究, 但结果并不一致。为明确近10年来我国高中生心理健康问题的检出状况及其影响因素, 对检索后获得的252项研究进行了元分析。结果发现: 检出率由高到低依次是抑郁(28.0%)、焦虑(26.3%)、睡眠问题(23.0%)、自我伤害(22.8%)、自杀意念(17.1%)、躯体化(9.8%)、自杀计划(6.9%)、自杀企图(未遂) (2.9%)。我国高中生心理健康问题检出率受出版年代、测量工具、检出标准、检出时间、年级和区域影响。未来应着力编制标准化测评工具、构建心理健康教育长效机制并对高年级、欠发达地区高中生的心理健康问题予以重点关注。

关键词: 心理健康, 检出率, 高中生, 元分析

Abstract:

High school is the key period of psychological development, and it is also the frequent period of a variety of psychological problems. The mental health problems of senior high school students not only come from adolescents themselves, but also should attract extensive attention from families, schools and society. In order to improve the mental health of senior high school students and ensure the effective development of follow-up mental health work, it is necessary to understand the detection rate of mental health problems of senior high school students in China, so as to master the basic situation of mental health of senior high school students. Although many previous studies have involved the detection rate of mental health problems of senior high school students, there is no consistent conclusion on the detection rate of mental health problems of senior high school students in China in recent ten years. In order to clarify the detection rates and influencing factors of mental health problems of senior high school students in China in recent ten years, this study makes a comprehensive and systematic meta-analysis of the relevant detection rate articles of senior high school students (including higher vocational students) in recent ten years, so as to form a clearer understanding of the general situation of their mental health. Because there are too many indicators involved in mental health problems, this study focuses on the detection rate of two common problems in senior high school students: internalizing problems (including anxiety, depression, sleep problems, somatization, suicidal ideation, and suicide plan) and externalizing problems (including self injury and suicide attempt. In addition, this study also investigated the regulatory effects of publishing age, relevant factors of measurement tools (measurement tools, detection standards, detection time), and demographic variables (grade, region, gender, only child or not, birthplace) on the detection rate of mental health problems.
By searching the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure database and Web of Science core collection database from 2010 to 2020, 252 effective literatures were finally obtained, including 48 articles on anxiety, 99 articles on depression, 21 articles on sleep problems, 14 articles on somatization, 29 articles on self injury, and 41 articles on suicide. The results of meta-analysis showed that (1) The prevalence from high to low were depression (28.0%), anxiety (26.3%), sleep problems (23.0%), self-injury (22.8%), suicidal ideation (17.1%), somatization (9.8%), suicide plan (6.9%), and suicide attempt (2.9%); (2) In the past ten years, the mental health problems of senior high school students in China have deteriorated with the passage of time, especially anxiety; (3) The detection rate of mental health problems of senior high school students is affected by the relevant factors of measurement tools (measurement tools, detection standards and detection time); (4) The mental health problems of senior high school students increased with the increase of grade, especially sleep problems; (5) The mental health problems of senior high school students were affected by regions, especially in economically underdeveloped areas. It can be seen that the prevalence of mental health problems of senior high school students in China was affected by the year of publication, measurement tools, detection standards, detection time, grade and region. In the future, efforts should be made to prepare standardized evaluation tools, build a long-term mechanism of mental health education, and focus on the mental health problems of senior class and underdeveloped area senior high school students.

Key words: mental health problems, prevalence, senior high school students, meta-analysis

于晓琪, 张亚利, 俞国良. (2022). 2010~2020中国内地高中生心理健康问题检出率的元分析. 心理科学进展 , 30(5), 978-990.

YU Xiaoqi, ZHANG Yali, YU Guoliang. (2022). Prevalence of mental health problems among senior high school students in mainland of China from 2010 to 2020: A meta-analysis. Advances in Psychological Science, 30(5), 978-990.

图/表 8

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心理健康问题种类	k	被试数	效应值及95%的置信区间			异质性检验
心理健康问题种类	k	被试数	检出率	下限	上限	I²	p
焦虑	48	50613	0.263	0.22	0.31	99.17	< 0.001
抑郁	99	217806	0.280	0.25	0.31	99.49	< 0.001
睡眠问题	21	91528	0.230	0.21	0.26	98.61	< 0.001
躯体化	14	14349	0.098	0.06	0.15	99.58	< 0.001
自我伤害	29	149028	0.228	0.19	0.27	99.61	< 0.001
自杀意念	21	191906	0.171	0.16	0.19	98.22	< 0.001
自杀计划	7	39775	0.069	0.06	0.09	96.85	< 0.001
自杀企图(未遂)	13	158416	0.029	0.025	0.033	91.78	< 0.001

心理健康问题种类	k	被试数	效应值及95%的置信区间			异质性检验
心理健康问题种类	k	被试数	检出率	下限	上限	I²	p
焦虑	48	50613	0.263	0.22	0.31	99.17	< 0.001
抑郁	99	217806	0.280	0.25	0.31	99.49	< 0.001
睡眠问题	21	91528	0.230	0.21	0.26	98.61	< 0.001
躯体化	14	14349	0.098	0.06	0.15	99.58	< 0.001
自我伤害	29	149028	0.228	0.19	0.27	99.61	< 0.001
自杀意念	21	191906	0.171	0.16	0.19	98.22	< 0.001
自杀计划	7	39775	0.069	0.06	0.09	96.85	< 0.001
自杀企图(未遂)	13	158416	0.029	0.025	0.033	91.78	< 0.001

调节变量	异质性检验			类别	k	检出率	95% CI
调节变量	Q_B	df	p	类别	k	检出率	下限	上限
测量工具+检出标准	26.47	4	< 0.001	MSSMHS≥2	9	0.409	0.31	0.52
				SAS>50	5	0.377	0.25	0.52
				SAS≥50	11	0.226	0.16	0.30
				SCL≥2	7	0.229	0.15	0.33
				SCL≥3	3	0.077	0.04	0.16
检出时间	10.30	2	0.01	1周	32	0.219	0.18	0.27
				3个月	6	0.337	0.22	0.48
				近来	10	0.388	0.28	0.50
年级	0.05	2	0.97	高一	10	0.306	0.22	0.41
				高二	9	0.301	0.21	0.41
				高三	10	0.317	0.23	0.42
性别	0.65	1	0.42	男生	11	0.262	0.17	0.38
性别	0.65	1	0.42	女生	14	0.327	0.23	0.44
生源地	0.29	1	0.59	城镇	4	0.191	0.11	0.32
生源地	0.29	1	0.59	农村	8	0.230	0.15	0.33
区域	3.13	2	0.21	东北	-	-	-	-
				东部	15	0.275	0.20	0.37
				中部	14	0.204	0.14	0.28
				西部	16	0.300	0.22	0.39

调节变量	异质性检验			类别	k	检出率	95% CI
调节变量	Q_B	df	p	类别	k	检出率	下限	上限
测量工具+检出标准	26.47	4	< 0.001	MSSMHS≥2	9	0.409	0.31	0.52
				SAS>50	5	0.377	0.25	0.52
				SAS≥50	11	0.226	0.16	0.30
				SCL≥2	7	0.229	0.15	0.33
				SCL≥3	3	0.077	0.04	0.16
检出时间	10.30	2	0.01	1周	32	0.219	0.18	0.27
				3个月	6	0.337	0.22	0.48
				近来	10	0.388	0.28	0.50
年级	0.05	2	0.97	高一	10	0.306	0.22	0.41
				高二	9	0.301	0.21	0.41
				高三	10	0.317	0.23	0.42
性别	0.65	1	0.42	男生	11	0.262	0.17	0.38
性别	0.65	1	0.42	女生	14	0.327	0.23	0.44
生源地	0.29	1	0.59	城镇	4	0.191	0.11	0.32
生源地	0.29	1	0.59	农村	8	0.230	0.15	0.33
区域	3.13	2	0.21	东北	-	-	-	-
				东部	15	0.275	0.20	0.37
				中部	14	0.204	0.14	0.28
				西部	16	0.300	0.22	0.39

调节变量	异质性检验			类别	k	检出率	95% CI
调节变量	Q_B	df	p	类别	k	检出率	下限	上限
测量工具+检出标准	97.69	8	< 0.001	CDI≥19	7	0.220	0.17	0.29
				CESD≥16	7	0.331	0.26	0.41
				CESD≥20	7	0.270	0.21	0.35
				DSRSC≥15	3	0.267	0.18	0.39
				MSSMHS≥2	7	0.405	0.32	0.49
				SCL≥2	15	0.224	0.18	0.27
				SCL≥3	4	0.052	0.03	0.08
				SDS≥50	16	0.380	0.33	0.44
				SDS≥53	5	0.423	0.33	0.53
检出时间	1.87	2	0.39	1周	77	0.273	0.24	0.31
				2周	14	0.294	0.22	0.38
				近来	6	0.366	0.24	0.52
年级	2.21	2	0.33	高一	26	0.283	0.24	0.33
				高二	18	0.321	0.27	0.38
				高三	13	0.336	0.27	0.41
性别	0.33	1	0.56	男生	15	0.246	0.16	0.36
性别	0.33	1	0.56	女生	17	0.288	0.20	0.40
独生与否	0.34	1	0.56	独生	3	0.456	0.37	0.55
独生与否	0.34	1	0.56	非独生	3	0.495	0.40	0.59
生源地	0.04	1	0.83	城镇	5	0.371	0.25	0.52
生源地	0.04	1	0.83	农村	8	0.390	0.29	0.51
区域	5.80	3	0.12	东北	6	0.346	0.24	0.47
				东部	31	0.262	0.22	0.31
				中部	27	0.259	0.22	0.31
				西部	28	0.327	0.28	0.38