社会排斥的心理行为特征及其脑机制

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2019.01656

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

社会排斥损害个体基本的归属需要, 对个体的心理和生理会造成严重影响。根据需要威胁时间模型, 社会排斥后的心理和行为特征可以分为三个阶段。社交媒体的发展使社会排斥出现了新的心理和行为特征。近年来功能性磁共振成像研究发现, 突显网络和默认网络等网络中的一些核心脑区都参与了社会排斥各阶段的情绪和认知加工过程。未来研究应以需要威胁时间模型为基础, 以脑网络方法为手段, 探索社会排斥神经机制, 预测排斥后的心理和行为反应模式。

关键词: 社会排斥, 需要威胁时间模型, 社交媒体, 默认网络, 突显网络

Abstract:

Social exclusion impairs our basic needs of belongingness and has serious psychological and physiological effect on cognitive processes, emotional well-beings, physiological responses and behaviors. Under the framework of the temporal need-threat model, psychology and behavioral response to social exclusion can be divided into three stages. With the development of social media, new psychological and behavioral characteristics of social exclusion are presented. From the perspective of brain network, some key brain areas of default mode network, salience network and some other brain networks are involved in emotional and cognitive processes at each stage of social exclusion. Future studies should focus on the basis of temporal need-threat model to investigate the brain network of social exclusion and predict the psychological and physiological response patterns after social exclusion.

Key words: social exclusion, temporal need-threat model, social media, default mode network, salience network

中图分类号:

彭苏浩, 陶丹, 冷玥, 邓慧华. (2019). 社会排斥的心理行为特征及其脑机制. 心理科学进展 , 27(9), 1656-1666.

PENG Suhao, TAO Dan, LENG Yue, DENG Huihua. (2019). The psychological and behavior characteristics of social exclusion and its brain mechanisms. Advances in Psychological Science, 27(9), 1656-1666.

图/表 2

图1 需要威胁时间模型(改编自Ren et al., 2018)

图2 社会排斥各阶段脑网络中相关脑区的神经活动模式注：突显网络主要涉及腹侧纹状体(ventral striatum), 背侧前扣带皮层(dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, dACC), 杏仁核(amygdala); 前脑岛(anterior insula, AI); 默认模式网络主要涉及后扣带回皮层(posterior cingulate cortex, PCC), 楔前叶(precuneus), 内侧前额叶皮层(media prefrontal cortex, mPFC), 顶下小叶(inferior parietal lobe, IPL), 颞顶联合区(temporoparietal junction, TPJ); 执行控制网络主要涉及背外侧前额皮层(dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex, dlPFC); 其他脑区包括腹外侧前额叶皮层(ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, vlPFC)和腹前扣带回皮层(ventral anterior cingulate cortex, vACC)。

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