助推目标实现：时间标记的动力效应

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2019.01275

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

时间标记是指日常生活中所有突出的独特性事件。个体在经历当下的时间标记或期待未来的时间标记时, 其追求目标的动机水平得到提高, 并表现出更多的目标相关行为, 即时间标记具有一种动力效应。时间标记可能增加了个体对不同时间自我之间的分离感, 继而通过自我效能感、保持一致的自我形象、损失规避及缩小差距等心理过程提高追求目标的动机。未来研究应进一步探讨时间标记在动力效应中的角色定位及动力效应的持续时间、探究时间标记动力效应的普适性、检验可能的心理机制并在实践领域开展时间标记助推行为决策的应用研究。

关键词: 时间标记, 目标实现, 动力效应, 时间自我评价, 助推

Abstract:

Temporal landmarks defined as any distinct event that stands out in the everyday humdrum of life, may be beneficial to goal-pursuit motivation. Specifically, when individual experience a current temporal landmark or expects a future temporal landmark, their levels of goal-pursuit motivation would be enhanced, and at the same time, their goal-related behaviors would be more likely to occur. In addition, temporal landmarks may increase individuals’ senses of psychological separation of temporal selves and then enhance goal-pursuit motivation through a series of mental processes such as increased self-efficacy, cognitive consistency, loss aversion and discrepancy-reduction. Future research should focus on examining the motivating effects and duration of temporal landmarks and its generalizability. Moreover, it is worth for future studies to investigate the potential mechanisms of temporal landmarks and to conduct a considerable amount of empirical studies to nudge decision making by manipulating temporal landmarks.

Key words: temporal landmarks, goal attainment, the motivating effects, self-appraisal across time, nudge

中图分类号:

B849:C91

赵晓颖, 李爱梅, 王海侠. (2019). 助推目标实现：时间标记的动力效应. 心理科学进展 , 27(7), 1275-1293.

ZHAO Xiaoying, LI Aimei, WANG Haixia. (2019). Nudging goal attainment: The motivating effects of temporal landmarks. Advances in Psychological Science, 27(7), 1275-1293.

图/表 1

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