外源性注意与多感觉整合的交互关系

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2018.02129

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

外源性注意与多感觉整合的交互关系是一个复杂且具有争议的研究领域, 一直以来备受研究者们关注。为了解释两者间的交互作用机制, 本文基于已有研究成果从两方面综述了外源性注意与多感觉整合的交互关系：(1)外源性注意可以通过自下而上的方式调节多感觉整合, 包括空间不确定性、感知觉敏感度和感觉通道间信号强度差异三种理论假说; (2)多感觉整合可以调节外源性注意。一方面, 来自多感觉通道的刺激能够以自下而上的方式自动整合, 整合后的多感觉通道刺激比单通道刺激具有更大的凸显性从而有效地吸引注意。另一方面, 整合后的多感觉通道刺激能够作为多感觉信号模板存储于大脑之中, 从而在任务中实现自上而下地调节注意捕获。

关键词: 多感觉整合, 外源性注意, 自上而下, 自下而上, 内源性注意

Abstract:

The interaction between exogenous attention and multisensory integration is a complex and controversial topic, which has been debated for a long time. In order to explain the interaction mechanism between them, here we summarized two parts based on previous researches. First, exogenous attention can modulate multisensory integration in a bottom-up manner, including three hypotheses as spatial uncertainty, sensory sensitivity and the differences in unimodal signal strength. Second, multisensory integration can also modulate exogenous attention. On one hand, stimuli from multiple sense modalities can be automatically integrated in a bottom-up manner. The integrated multisensory events can capture attention more efficiently compared to unimodal events, even under quite complex circumstances. On the other hand, integrated multisensory events exert top-down control on attentional capture via multisensory signal templates that are stored in the brain.

Key words: multisensory integration, exogenous attention, top-down, bottom-up, endogenous attention

中图分类号:

B842

彭姓, 常若松, 任桂琴, 王爱君, 唐晓雨. (2018). 外源性注意与多感觉整合的交互关系. 心理科学进展 , 26(12), 2129-2140.

PENG Xing, CHANG Ruosong, REN Guiqin, WANG Aijun, TANG Xiaoyu. (2018). The interaction between exogenous attention and multisensory integration. Advances in Psychological Science, 26(12), 2129-2140.

图/表 3

图1 外源性注意调节多感觉整合的三种理论假说注：图中分别表示三种理论假说(空间不确定性假说, 感知觉敏感度假说, 感觉通道间信号强度差异假说)在不同SOA条件下(短SOA vs长 SOA)的结果。其中, 加粗红色字体代表基于已有研究数据得到的结果, 黑色字体代表假定结果。假说3结果分别引自Van der Stoep等(2015实验1, 2016)。

图2 Talsma等(2005)研究的实验流程与结果图注：内源性注意调节多感觉整合的实验流程及其结果。实验中要求被试注意屏幕中的一侧(左/右侧), 并对该空间位置上的所有目标刺激(视觉、听觉和视听觉)进行检测反应(左图)。结果显示, 内源性注意位置上的多感觉整合效应更大(右图)。

图3 Mast等(2015, 实验1b)研究的实验流程与结果图注：(a)任务和实验流程。图中分别表示在双通道目标(左图)和单通道目标条件(右图)下的实验流程。双通道目标由视觉刺激(红色圆形)与触觉振动刺激(图上用波浪线表示)组合而成。单通道目标只有视觉目标(绿色圆形), 从不伴随触觉振动刺激。同样, 启动项也分为双通道与单通道条件。实验中要求被试忽略启动项颜色特征, 既快又准地对目标刺激的颜色特征进行反应。(b)行为学结果。纵坐标代表相容性效应, 结果显示只有在双通道目标条件下发现双通道启动项比单通道启动项有更大的相容性效应。(引并改自Mast等(2015), copyright (2015)The Psychonomic Society.)

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