孤独症谱系障碍者的视听时间整合 *

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2018.01031

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

视听时间整合是指个体对一定时间间隔内输入的视听刺激进行表征的过程, 是视听整合的重要机制。孤独症谱系障碍者的视听时间整合存在缺陷, 主要表现为4个方面：视听时间整合窗口较正常个体更宽、更对称; 快速视听时间再校准能力不足; 听觉时间线索对其视觉搜索促进作用弱; 言语刺激的视听时序知觉敏感性低。目前使用的研究任务多样, 如声音诱发闪光错觉和“pip-pop”任务从内隐角度探究视听整合中的时间机制, 同时性判断、时序判断和优先注视任务主要用于跨通道时序知觉的研究。相关理论从神经加工异常、先验经验不足和视听通道的相互作用等角度解释了其缺陷。未来需要进一步提高研究生态效度, 整合理论解释, 精确量化诊断指标, 同时开发有实效的干预策略。

关键词: 孤独症谱系障碍, 视听时间整合, 时间窗, 时间同步性

Abstract:

Audiovisual temporal integration is the fact that the relative timing of audio-visual stimulation should be bound into a unified percept. The audiovisual temporal integration of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) was confirmed to be impaired mainly in four aspects. First, the temporal binding window is wider and more symmetrical. Second, ASD got weaker ability of rapid audiovisual temporal recalibration. Third, the effect that visual target search can be improved by a synchronous sound decreased has been found to be missing in ASD in some studies. Last, ASD showed impaired audiovisual temporal acuity for speech stimuli. Various methods are used to probe for temporal aspects of audiovisual integration, such as sound-induced flash illusion task and "pip-pop" task. The simultaneity judgment task, temporal order judgment task and preferential-looking task are mainly used to measure intersensory synchrony. Relevant theories from abnormal neural processing, the internal priors and the interaction between multiple sensory modals explain those defects. In future, researchers should improve the ecological validity of study, further integrate different theoretical explanations and accurate quantitative diagnostic indicators, as well as exploit the effective intervention strategies.

Key words: autism spectrum disorders, audiovisual temporal integration, temporal binding window, temporal synchrony

中图分类号:

B842
R395

李涛涛, 胡金生, 王琦, 李骋诗, 李松泽, 何建青, 李辰洋, 刘淑清. (2018). 孤独症谱系障碍者的视听时间整合 ^*. 心理科学进展 , 26(6), 1031-1040.

LI Taotao, HU Jinsheng, WANG Qi, LI Chengshi, LI Songze, HE Jianqing, LI Chenyang, LIU Shuqing. (2018). Audiovisual temporal integration in autism spectrum disorders. Advances in Psychological Science, 26(6), 1031-1040.

图/表 1

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