The impact of parent-child relationship on adolescent social adjustment following childhood trauma: Moderation by HPA axis multilocus profile score

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2024.01091

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ZENG Zihao, LIU Shuangjin, YANG Qin, WANG Hongcai, LIU Chengzhen, ZHAO Qian, MENG Li, HE Zhen, LIU Xiuru, HUANG Ning, HU Yiqiu. (2024). The impact of parent-child relationship on adolescent social adjustment following childhood trauma: Moderation by HPA axis multilocus profile score. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 56(8), 1091-1109.

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URL: https://journal.psych.ac.cn/acps/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1041.2024.01091

https://journal.psych.ac.cn/acps/EN/Y2024/V56/I8/1091

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Table 1 Means and standard deviations of the major variables along with their correlations

Variables	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
Father-child relationship	1
Mother-child relationship	0.72**	1
Childhood trauma	−0.26**	−0.20**	1
Depressive symptoms	−0.45**	−0.39**	0.27**	1
Prosocial behavior	0.14**	0.15**	−0.15**	−0.09*	1
Self-injury	−0.19**	−0.14**	0.36**	0.34**	−0.17**	1
MGPS	0.04	0.08*	−0.03	0.03	0.01	0.01	1
M ± SD	30.51 ± 9.36	33.18 ± 8.59	0.93 ± 1.40	17.70 ± 6.01	96.42 ± 17.63	2.56 ± 6.26	4.04 ± 1.67

Table 1 Means and standard deviations of the major variables along with their correlations

Variables	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
Father-child relationship	1
Mother-child relationship	0.72**	1
Childhood trauma	−0.26**	−0.20**	1
Depressive symptoms	−0.45**	−0.39**	0.27**	1
Prosocial behavior	0.14**	0.15**	−0.15**	−0.09*	1
Self-injury	−0.19**	−0.14**	0.36**	0.34**	−0.17**	1
MGPS	0.04	0.08*	−0.03	0.03	0.01	0.01	1
M ± SD	30.51 ± 9.36	33.18 ± 8.59	0.93 ± 1.40	17.70 ± 6.01	96.42 ± 17.63	2.56 ± 6.26	4.04 ± 1.67

Table 2 The G × E × E test of adolescent social adjustment (father-child relationship model)

Predictors	Depressive symptoms				Prosocial behavior				Self-injury
Predictors	β	t	p	95% CI	β	t	p	95% CI	β	t	p	95% CI
Father-child relationship	−0.40	−11.66^***	< 0.001	(−0.47, −0.34)	0.11	2.77^**	0.01	(0.03, 0.18)	−0.10	−2.82^**	0.005	(−0.18, −0.03)
Childhood trauma	0.18	4.88^***	< 0.001	(0.11, 0.25)	−0.15	−3.78^***	< 0.001	(−0.23, −0.07)	0.32	8.31^***	< 0.001	(0.24, 0.40)
MGPS	0.07	1.98^*	0.048	(0.001, 0.13)	−0.01	−0.14	0.89	(−0.08, 0.07)	0.03	0.71	0.48	(−0.05, 0.10)
E1 × E2	0.03	0.85	0.39	(−0.04, 0.09)	−0.09	−2.55^*	0.01	(−0.16, −0.02)	−0.04	−1.20	0.23	(−0.11, 0.03)
E1 × G	−0.01	−0.29	0.78	(−0.07, 0.05)	0.02	0.54	0.59	(−0.05, 0.09)	0.001	0.03	0.98	(−0.07, 0.07)
E2 × G	0.05	1.50	0.13	(−0.02, 0.12)	−0.001	−0.03	0.98	(−0.08, 0.08)	0.09	2.39^*	0.02	(0.02, 0.16)
E1 × E2 * G	0.09	3.00^**	0.003	(0.03, 0.15)	−0.04	−1.29	0.20	(−0.11, 0.02)	0.01	0.19	0.85	(−0.06, 0.07)
R²	0.24				0.04				0.15
F	31.06^***				4.56^***				17.27^***

Table 2 The G × E × E test of adolescent social adjustment (father-child relationship model)

Predictors	Depressive symptoms				Prosocial behavior				Self-injury
Predictors	β	t	p	95% CI	β	t	p	95% CI	β	t	p	95% CI
Father-child relationship	−0.40	−11.66^***	< 0.001	(−0.47, −0.34)	0.11	2.77^**	0.01	(0.03, 0.18)	−0.10	−2.82^**	0.005	(−0.18, −0.03)
Childhood trauma	0.18	4.88^***	< 0.001	(0.11, 0.25)	−0.15	−3.78^***	< 0.001	(−0.23, −0.07)	0.32	8.31^***	< 0.001	(0.24, 0.40)
MGPS	0.07	1.98^*	0.048	(0.001, 0.13)	−0.01	−0.14	0.89	(−0.08, 0.07)	0.03	0.71	0.48	(−0.05, 0.10)
E1 × E2	0.03	0.85	0.39	(−0.04, 0.09)	−0.09	−2.55^*	0.01	(−0.16, −0.02)	−0.04	−1.20	0.23	(−0.11, 0.03)
E1 × G	−0.01	−0.29	0.78	(−0.07, 0.05)	0.02	0.54	0.59	(−0.05, 0.09)	0.001	0.03	0.98	(−0.07, 0.07)
E2 × G	0.05	1.50	0.13	(−0.02, 0.12)	−0.001	−0.03	0.98	(−0.08, 0.08)	0.09	2.39^*	0.02	(0.02, 0.16)
E1 × E2 * G	0.09	3.00^**	0.003	(0.03, 0.15)	−0.04	−1.29	0.20	(−0.11, 0.02)	0.01	0.19	0.85	(−0.06, 0.07)
R²	0.24				0.04				0.15
F	31.06^***				4.56^***				17.27^***

Table 3 The G × E × E test of adolescent social adjustment (mother-child relationship model)

Predictors	Depressive symptoms				Prosocial behavior				Self-injury
Predictors	β	t	p	95% CI	β	t	p	95% CI	β	t	p	95% CI
Mother-child relationship	−0.36	−10.31^***	< 0.001	(−0.43, −0.29)	0.13	3.39^***	< 0.001	(0.05, 0.20)	−0.07	−1.89	0.06	(−0.14, 0.003)
Childhood trauma	0.23	6.32^***	< 0.001	(0.16, 0.30)	−0.14	−3.71^***	< 0.001	(−0.22, −0.07)	0.34	9.16^***	< 0.001	(0.27, 0.41)
MGPS	0.08	2.17^*	0.03	(0.02, 0.15)	−0.02	−0.55	0.58	(−0.10, 0.05)	0.02	0.55	0.58	(−0.05, 0.09)
E1 × E2	0.09	2.62^**	0.01	(0.01, 0.14)	−0.08	−2.21^*	0.03	(−0.15, −0.01)	−0.03	−0.86	0.39	(−0.10, 0.04)
E1 × G	−0.03	−0.86	0.39	(−0.09, 0.04)	−0.04	−1.16	0.25	(−0.11, 0.03)	−0.02	−0.68	0.50	(−0.09, 0.04)
E2 × G	0.02	0.62	0.53	(−0.05, 0.09)	−0.02	−0.53	0.60	(−0.10, 0.06)	0.07	1.93	0.05	(−0.001, 0.15)
E1 × E2 × G	0.07	2.16^*	0.03	(0.01, 0.13)	−0.07	−1.99^*	0.047	(−0.13, −0.001)	−0.02	−0.47	0.64	(−0.08, 0.05)
R²	0.21				0.05				0.14
F	26.10^***				5.22^***				16.47^***

Table 3 The G × E × E test of adolescent social adjustment (mother-child relationship model)

Predictors	Depressive symptoms				Prosocial behavior				Self-injury
Predictors	β	t	p	95% CI	β	t	p	95% CI	β	t	p	95% CI
Mother-child relationship	−0.36	−10.31^***	< 0.001	(−0.43, −0.29)	0.13	3.39^***	< 0.001	(0.05, 0.20)	−0.07	−1.89	0.06	(−0.14, 0.003)
Childhood trauma	0.23	6.32^***	< 0.001	(0.16, 0.30)	−0.14	−3.71^***	< 0.001	(−0.22, −0.07)	0.34	9.16^***	< 0.001	(0.27, 0.41)
MGPS	0.08	2.17^*	0.03	(0.02, 0.15)	−0.02	−0.55	0.58	(−0.10, 0.05)	0.02	0.55	0.58	(−0.05, 0.09)
E1 × E2	0.09	2.62^**	0.01	(0.01, 0.14)	−0.08	−2.21^*	0.03	(−0.15, −0.01)	−0.03	−0.86	0.39	(−0.10, 0.04)
E1 × G	−0.03	−0.86	0.39	(−0.09, 0.04)	−0.04	−1.16	0.25	(−0.11, 0.03)	−0.02	−0.68	0.50	(−0.09, 0.04)
E2 × G	0.02	0.62	0.53	(−0.05, 0.09)	−0.02	−0.53	0.60	(−0.10, 0.06)	0.07	1.93	0.05	(−0.001, 0.15)
E1 × E2 × G	0.07	2.16^*	0.03	(0.01, 0.13)	−0.07	−1.99^*	0.047	(−0.13, −0.001)	−0.02	−0.47	0.64	(−0.08, 0.05)
R²	0.21				0.05				0.14
F	26.10^***				5.22^***				16.47^***

Figure 1. Simple slope plot of adolescent social adjustment G × E × E
Note: a is the parent-child relationship model of the adolescent depressive symptoms, b is the mother-child model relationship of the depressive symptoms, c is the mother-child model of the prosocial behavior and d is the Johnson-Neyman slope plot; L -LCT for low MGPS - low childhood trama i.e., low HPA axis MGPS and low childhood trama, L -HCT for low MGPS -high childhood trama i.e. low HPA axis MGPS and high childhood trama, H-LCT for high MGPS - low childhood trama i.e. high HPA axis MGPS and low childhood trama, H- HCT for high MGPS -high childhood trama i.e. high HPA axis MGPS and high childhood trama.

Figure 1. Simple slope plot of adolescent social adjustment G × E × E Note: a is the parent-child relationship model of the adolescent depressive symptoms, b is the mother-child model relationship of the depressive symptoms, c is the mother-child model of the prosocial behavior and d is the Johnson-Neyman slope plot; L -LCT for low MGPS - low childhood trama i.e., low HPA axis MGPS and low childhood trama, L -HCT for low MGPS -high childhood trama i.e. low HPA axis MGPS and high childhood trama, H-LCT for high MGPS - low childhood trama i.e. high HPA axis MGPS and low childhood trama, H- HCT for high MGPS -high childhood trama i.e. high HPA axis MGPS and high childhood trama.

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