How collaboration reduces memory errors: A meta-analysis review

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2023.01780

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SUN Yaru, LIU Zejun, DUAN Yajie, CHEN Ning, LIU Wei. (2023). How collaboration reduces memory errors: A meta-analysis review. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 55(11), 1780-1792.

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URL: https://journal.psych.ac.cn/acps/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1041.2023.01780

https://journal.psych.ac.cn/acps/EN/Y2023/V55/I11/1780

Figures/Tables 5

Figure 1. Meta-analysis literature screening process

Figure 1. Meta-analysis literature screening process

Table 1 Basic information of studies included in the meta-analysis

First author + Publication year	Sample size	Study material	Collaborative approach	Interpersonal relationship	Publication type	Error pruning effect (Hedges’s g)	Collaborative retrieval effect (Hedges’s g)
Barber, 2010	240	Uncategorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	SSCI	0.49	-0.08
Barber, 2011	192	Categorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	SSCI	0.93	-0.83
Barber, 2012	180	Uncategorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	SSCI	0.68	-1.14
B?rthel, 2017	120	Situational material	Consensus	Stranger	SSCI	1.43	-2.50
Basden, 1997	177	Categorized item	Turn-taking	Stranger	SSCI	-0.51	-0.81
Basden, 1997	192	Categorized item	Turn-taking	Stranger	SSCI	-0.51	-1.05
Congleton, 2011	72	Categorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	SSCI	1.65	-0.13
Congleton, 2011	72	Categorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	SSCI	1.15	-0.57
Congleton, 2011	72	Categorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	SSCI	1.84	-0.80
Congleton, 2011	72	Categorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	SSCI	0.90	-2.18
Finlay, 2000	90	Uncategorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	SSCI	0.41	-0.90
Harris, 2012	135	Categorized item	Turn-taking	Stranger	SSCI	-0.06	-0.98
Harris, 2012	135	Categorized item	Consensus	Stranger	SSCI	0.90	-1.92
Harris, 2013	129	Categorized item	Consensus	Stranger	SSCI	1.86	-0.27
Harris, 2013	120	Categorized item	Consensus	Acquaintance	SSCI	1.49	0.00
Hyman, 2013	134	Categorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	SSCI	0.74	-0.71
Hyman, 2013	218	Categorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	SSCI	0.65	-0.71
Hyman, 2013	178	Categorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	SSCI	0.59	-0.02
Nie, 2021	60	Categorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	SSCI	0.57	-1.29
Nie & Deng, 2023	80	Categorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	SSCI	1.22	-0.35
Nie & Guo, 2023	78	Categorized item	Turn-taking	Stranger	SSCI	0.79	-0.62
Peker, 2009	87	Categorized item	Turn-taking	Stranger	SSCI	0.23	-0.87
Peker, 2009	84	Categorized item	Turn-taking	Acquaintance	SSCI	0.02	-1.24
Pereira-Pasarin, 2011	96	Categorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	SSCI	1.31	-1.06
Pereira-Pasarin, 2011	192	Categorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	SSCI	1.21	-0.81
Rivardo, 2013	161	Situational material	Free-flowing	Mix	SSCI	0.26	0.21
Ross, 2004	120	Uncategorized item	Free-flowing	Acquaintance	SSCI	1.19	-0.81
Ross, 2008	132	Categorized item	Free-flowing	Acquaintance	SSCI	1.11	-0.55
Rossi-Arnaud, 2019	52	Situational material	Consensus	Stranger	SSCI	1.10	-0.21
Rossi-Arnaud, 2019	52	Situational material	Consensus	Stranger	SSCI	1.29	-0.29
Rossi-Arnaud, 2020	60	Situational material	Free-flowing	Stranger	SSCI	0.75	-2.54
Rossi-Arnaud, 2020	52	Situational material	Free-flowing	Stranger	SSCI	0.56	-1.96
Saraiva, 2023	152	Uncategorized item	Turn-taking	Stranger	SSCI	0.51	-0.72
Thorley, 2018	100	Situational material	Consensus	Stranger	SSCI	0.61	-0.62
Thorley, 2018	100	Situational material	Consensus	Stranger	SSCI	0.31	-1.21
Vredeveldt, 2016	53	Situational material	Free-flowing	Acquaintance	SSCI	1.07	-0.12
Vredeveldt, 2017	80	Situational material	Free-flowing	Mix	SSCI	1.16	-0.37
Vredeveldt, Van Koppen, 2018	100	Situational material	Free-flowing	Stranger	SSCI	0.95	-0.80
Vredeveldt, Van Koppen, 2018	100	Situational material	Free-flowing	Stranger	SSCI	1.07	-1.22
Vredeveldt, Kesteloo, 2018	86	Situational material	Free-flowing	Mix	SSCI	-0.27	-1.00
Vredeveldt, 2019	84	Situational material	Free-flowing	Acquaintance	SSCI	1.18	-1.25
Vredeveldt, 2019	86	Situational material	Free-flowing	Stranger	SSCI	1.12	-1.38
Wessel, 2015	111	Situational material	Consensus	Stranger	SSCI	0.93	-2.58
Whillock, 2020	72	Categorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	SSCI	-0.14	-0.41
Whillock, 2020	72	Categorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	SSCI	0.53	-0.86
Whillock, 2020	72	Categorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	SSCI	1.37	-0.90
Zhang, 2017	56	Uncategorized item	Turn-taking	Stranger	SSCI	0.11	-0.47
Deng, 2021_Exp 2	80	Categorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	Dissertation	2.31	-0.55
Guo, 2019_Exp 1	78	Categorized item	Consensus	Stranger	Dissertation	0.97	-0.58
Ke, Nie, 2017	48	Categorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	CSSCI	0.12	-0.75
Ke, Nie, 2017	48	Categorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	CSSCI	0.75	-0.54
Ke,, 2017	60	Categorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	Dissertation	0.74	-1.29
Li, 2019	80	Categorized item	Consensus	Acquaintance	Dissertation	0.85	0.04
Li,, 2019	80	Categorized item	Consensus	Acquaintance	Dissertation	0.60	-0.12
Li,, 2019	80	Categorized item	Consensus	Stranger	Dissertation	0.98	0.41
Li,, 2019	80	Categorized item	Consensus	Stranger	Dissertation	1.19	0.32
Li,, 2019	112	Uncategorized item	Free-flowing	Acquaintance	Dissertation	1.00	-0.28
Li,, 2019	240	Uncategorized item	Free-flowing	Acquaintance	Dissertation	0.61	-0.21
Liu, 2021	80	Uncategorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	Dissertation	0.49	-0.36
Liu, 2021	80	Uncategorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	Dissertation	0.37	-0.43
Liu, 2021	80	Uncategorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	Dissertation	0.38	-0.06
Liu, 2021	80	Uncategorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	Dissertation	0.39	-0.44
Yin, 2020	120	Categorized item	Consensus	Acquaintance	Dissertation	0.57	-0.61
Yin, 2020	240	Categorized item	Consensus	Acquaintance	Dissertation	0.94	-0.71

Table 1 Basic information of studies included in the meta-analysis

First author + Publication year	Sample size	Study material	Collaborative approach	Interpersonal relationship	Publication type	Error pruning effect (Hedges’s g)	Collaborative retrieval effect (Hedges’s g)
Barber, 2010	240	Uncategorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	SSCI	0.49	-0.08
Barber, 2011	192	Categorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	SSCI	0.93	-0.83
Barber, 2012	180	Uncategorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	SSCI	0.68	-1.14
B?rthel, 2017	120	Situational material	Consensus	Stranger	SSCI	1.43	-2.50
Basden, 1997	177	Categorized item	Turn-taking	Stranger	SSCI	-0.51	-0.81
Basden, 1997	192	Categorized item	Turn-taking	Stranger	SSCI	-0.51	-1.05
Congleton, 2011	72	Categorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	SSCI	1.65	-0.13
Congleton, 2011	72	Categorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	SSCI	1.15	-0.57
Congleton, 2011	72	Categorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	SSCI	1.84	-0.80
Congleton, 2011	72	Categorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	SSCI	0.90	-2.18
Finlay, 2000	90	Uncategorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	SSCI	0.41	-0.90
Harris, 2012	135	Categorized item	Turn-taking	Stranger	SSCI	-0.06	-0.98
Harris, 2012	135	Categorized item	Consensus	Stranger	SSCI	0.90	-1.92
Harris, 2013	129	Categorized item	Consensus	Stranger	SSCI	1.86	-0.27
Harris, 2013	120	Categorized item	Consensus	Acquaintance	SSCI	1.49	0.00
Hyman, 2013	134	Categorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	SSCI	0.74	-0.71
Hyman, 2013	218	Categorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	SSCI	0.65	-0.71
Hyman, 2013	178	Categorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	SSCI	0.59	-0.02
Nie, 2021	60	Categorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	SSCI	0.57	-1.29
Nie & Deng, 2023	80	Categorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	SSCI	1.22	-0.35
Nie & Guo, 2023	78	Categorized item	Turn-taking	Stranger	SSCI	0.79	-0.62
Peker, 2009	87	Categorized item	Turn-taking	Stranger	SSCI	0.23	-0.87
Peker, 2009	84	Categorized item	Turn-taking	Acquaintance	SSCI	0.02	-1.24
Pereira-Pasarin, 2011	96	Categorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	SSCI	1.31	-1.06
Pereira-Pasarin, 2011	192	Categorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	SSCI	1.21	-0.81
Rivardo, 2013	161	Situational material	Free-flowing	Mix	SSCI	0.26	0.21
Ross, 2004	120	Uncategorized item	Free-flowing	Acquaintance	SSCI	1.19	-0.81
Ross, 2008	132	Categorized item	Free-flowing	Acquaintance	SSCI	1.11	-0.55
Rossi-Arnaud, 2019	52	Situational material	Consensus	Stranger	SSCI	1.10	-0.21
Rossi-Arnaud, 2019	52	Situational material	Consensus	Stranger	SSCI	1.29	-0.29
Rossi-Arnaud, 2020	60	Situational material	Free-flowing	Stranger	SSCI	0.75	-2.54
Rossi-Arnaud, 2020	52	Situational material	Free-flowing	Stranger	SSCI	0.56	-1.96
Saraiva, 2023	152	Uncategorized item	Turn-taking	Stranger	SSCI	0.51	-0.72
Thorley, 2018	100	Situational material	Consensus	Stranger	SSCI	0.61	-0.62
Thorley, 2018	100	Situational material	Consensus	Stranger	SSCI	0.31	-1.21
Vredeveldt, 2016	53	Situational material	Free-flowing	Acquaintance	SSCI	1.07	-0.12
Vredeveldt, 2017	80	Situational material	Free-flowing	Mix	SSCI	1.16	-0.37
Vredeveldt, Van Koppen, 2018	100	Situational material	Free-flowing	Stranger	SSCI	0.95	-0.80
Vredeveldt, Van Koppen, 2018	100	Situational material	Free-flowing	Stranger	SSCI	1.07	-1.22
Vredeveldt, Kesteloo, 2018	86	Situational material	Free-flowing	Mix	SSCI	-0.27	-1.00
Vredeveldt, 2019	84	Situational material	Free-flowing	Acquaintance	SSCI	1.18	-1.25
Vredeveldt, 2019	86	Situational material	Free-flowing	Stranger	SSCI	1.12	-1.38
Wessel, 2015	111	Situational material	Consensus	Stranger	SSCI	0.93	-2.58
Whillock, 2020	72	Categorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	SSCI	-0.14	-0.41
Whillock, 2020	72	Categorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	SSCI	0.53	-0.86
Whillock, 2020	72	Categorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	SSCI	1.37	-0.90
Zhang, 2017	56	Uncategorized item	Turn-taking	Stranger	SSCI	0.11	-0.47
Deng, 2021_Exp 2	80	Categorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	Dissertation	2.31	-0.55
Guo, 2019_Exp 1	78	Categorized item	Consensus	Stranger	Dissertation	0.97	-0.58
Ke, Nie, 2017	48	Categorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	CSSCI	0.12	-0.75
Ke, Nie, 2017	48	Categorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	CSSCI	0.75	-0.54
Ke,, 2017	60	Categorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	Dissertation	0.74	-1.29
Li, 2019	80	Categorized item	Consensus	Acquaintance	Dissertation	0.85	0.04
Li,, 2019	80	Categorized item	Consensus	Acquaintance	Dissertation	0.60	-0.12
Li,, 2019	80	Categorized item	Consensus	Stranger	Dissertation	0.98	0.41
Li,, 2019	80	Categorized item	Consensus	Stranger	Dissertation	1.19	0.32
Li,, 2019	112	Uncategorized item	Free-flowing	Acquaintance	Dissertation	1.00	-0.28
Li,, 2019	240	Uncategorized item	Free-flowing	Acquaintance	Dissertation	0.61	-0.21
Liu, 2021	80	Uncategorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	Dissertation	0.49	-0.36
Liu, 2021	80	Uncategorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	Dissertation	0.37	-0.43
Liu, 2021	80	Uncategorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	Dissertation	0.38	-0.06
Liu, 2021	80	Uncategorized item	Free-flowing	Stranger	Dissertation	0.39	-0.44
Yin, 2020	120	Categorized item	Consensus	Acquaintance	Dissertation	0.57	-0.61
Yin, 2020	240	Categorized item	Consensus	Acquaintance	Dissertation	0.94	-0.71

Table 2 The main effect analysis of error pruning and collaborative retrieval effects

Indicators	k	Effect size and 95% CI			Two-tailed test
Indicators	k	Hedges’s g	Lower	Upper	Z	p
Error pruning	64	0.74	0.62	0.87	11.89	< 0.001
Collaborative retrieval	64	-0.71	-0.84	-0.57	-10.11	< 0.001

Table 2 The main effect analysis of error pruning and collaborative retrieval effects

Indicators	k	Effect size and 95% CI			Two-tailed test
Indicators	k	Hedges’s g	Lower	Upper	Z	p
Error pruning	64	0.74	0.62	0.87	11.89	< 0.001
Collaborative retrieval	64	-0.71	-0.84	-0.57	-10.11	< 0.001

Table 3 The moderator analysis of error pruning effect

Moderator variables	Heterogeneity			Categories	k	Hedges’s g	95% CI		Two-tailed test
Moderator variables	Q_B	df	p	Categories	k	Hedges’s g	Lower	Upper	Z	p
Collaborative approach	45.00	2	< 0.001	Consensus	16	0.90	0.75	1.06	11.39	< 0.001
				Free-flowing	40	0.77	0.67	0.86	16.14	< 0.001
				Turn-taking	8	0.07	-0.14	0.27	0.65	0.519
Study material	3.89	2	0.143	Categorized item	36	0.73	0.63	0.83	14.13	< 0.001
				Uncategorized item	12	0.58	0.43	0.73	7.61	< 0.001
				Situational material	16	0.79	0.63	0.95	9.65	< 0.001
Interpersonal relationship	3.37	1	0.067	Acquaintance	12	0.85	0.70	1.01	10.74	< 0.001
Interpersonal relationship	3.37	1	0.067	Stranger	49	0.68	0.60	0.77	15.34	< 0.001

Table 3 The moderator analysis of error pruning effect

Moderator variables	Heterogeneity			Categories	k	Hedges’s g	95% CI		Two-tailed test
Moderator variables	Q_B	df	p	Categories	k	Hedges’s g	Lower	Upper	Z	p
Collaborative approach	45.00	2	< 0.001	Consensus	16	0.90	0.75	1.06	11.39	< 0.001
				Free-flowing	40	0.77	0.67	0.86	16.14	< 0.001
				Turn-taking	8	0.07	-0.14	0.27	0.65	0.519
Study material	3.89	2	0.143	Categorized item	36	0.73	0.63	0.83	14.13	< 0.001
				Uncategorized item	12	0.58	0.43	0.73	7.61	< 0.001
				Situational material	16	0.79	0.63	0.95	9.65	< 0.001
Interpersonal relationship	3.37	1	0.067	Acquaintance	12	0.85	0.70	1.01	10.74	< 0.001
Interpersonal relationship	3.37	1	0.067	Stranger	49	0.68	0.60	0.77	15.34	< 0.001

Table 4 The moderator analysis of collaborative retrieval effect

Moderator variables	Heterogeneity			Categories	k	Hedges’s g	95% CI		Two-tailed test
Moderator variables	Q_B	df	p	Categories	k	Hedges’s g	Lower	Upper	Z	p
Collaborative approach	3.74	2	0.154	Consensus	16	-0.58	-0.74	-0.43	-7.38	< 0.001
				Free-flowing	40	-0.61	-0.71	-0.52	-12.99	< 0.001
				Turn-taking	8	-0.82	-1.04	-0.61	-8.60	< 0.001
Study material	10.29	2	0.006	Categorized item	36	-0.62	-0.72	-0.52	-12.20	< 0.001
				Uncategorized item	12	-0.47	-0.62	-0.31	-5.86	< 0.001
				Situational material	16	-0.83	-0.99	-0.67	-10.25	< 0.001
Interpersonal relationship	9.79	1	0.005	Acquaintance	12	-0.48	-0.63	-0.33	-6.23	< 0.001
Interpersonal relationship	9.79	1	0.005	Stranger	49	-0.73	-0.82	-0.64	-16.01	< 0.001

Table 4 The moderator analysis of collaborative retrieval effect

Moderator variables	Heterogeneity			Categories	k	Hedges’s g	95% CI		Two-tailed test
Moderator variables	Q_B	df	p	Categories	k	Hedges’s g	Lower	Upper	Z	p
Collaborative approach	3.74	2	0.154	Consensus	16	-0.58	-0.74	-0.43	-7.38	< 0.001
				Free-flowing	40	-0.61	-0.71	-0.52	-12.99	< 0.001
				Turn-taking	8	-0.82	-1.04	-0.61	-8.60	< 0.001
Study material	10.29	2	0.006	Categorized item	36	-0.62	-0.72	-0.52	-12.20	< 0.001
				Uncategorized item	12	-0.47	-0.62	-0.31	-5.86	< 0.001
				Situational material	16	-0.83	-0.99	-0.67	-10.25	< 0.001
Interpersonal relationship	9.79	1	0.005	Acquaintance	12	-0.48	-0.63	-0.33	-6.23	< 0.001
Interpersonal relationship	9.79	1	0.005	Stranger	49	-0.73	-0.82	-0.64	-16.01	< 0.001

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