自我积极表情加工优势效应：来自ERPs的证据

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2018.01120

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于自我加工优势和内隐积极联想理论, 采用视觉搜索范式结合ERPs技术考察个体自我表情加工的特点, 并进一步探讨情绪效价和身份信息对面孔加工的直接影响。结果发现：(1)搜索自我快乐表情比自我愤怒表情及两类他人表情速度更快、正确率也更高; (2)自我快乐表情对N1、N2、LPP成分的激活显著大于自我愤怒表情及两类他人表情。自我表情加工存在积极加工偏向, 且这种加工优势在面孔加工早期视觉编码阶段就已出现。

关键词: 自我表情, 他人表情, 视觉搜索范式, 内隐积极联想理论, 自我积极偏见

Abstract:

It is well established in a number of studies that there is a cognitive advantage for self-related information, which is called “self-reference effect”. Some researchers have found that the processing of self-related information and the processing of emotional valence information are not only independent, but also interactive. However, these previous studies lacked the investigation of how individuals processed self-related information with different emotional valence. It is difficult to reveal the interaction between self-attribute and emotional valence of stimuli. Moreover, the influence of emotional valence of self-related information on “self-processing advantage” and the cognitive processing of self-expression performs are unclear. So, we used self-expression as stimulus to investigate the processing of self-related information with different emotional valence, and to explore the interaction between self and emotion in the self-face perception process.

In the present study, we adopted the visual search paradigm and the event related potential technology to investigate the processing of self-expression. We designed a 2 (emotion type: happy VS angry) ×2 (identity type: self VS other) within groups design. A total of 25 college students (11 males, 14 females) participated in the experiment, and 6 of the participants were eliminated because of too much artifacts in EEG. We gathered the happy and angry faces of each participant in advance, and selected other people's emotional faces from the Chinese Facial Affective Picture System. All photos were processed in a unified manner, and only the main features of the face were retained. In the visual search task, participants were asked to search the target expression and to ignore other faces in the 6 faces (1 target expression face with 5 neutral faces or 6 neutral faces). When they see the target expression, they should press the "F" as soon as possible; and if all are neutral faces, then press the "J". We record their reaction and corresponding EEG signals.

Behavioral results showed that, (1) the search of self-expression is significantly faster and better than the others, and it is not influenced by the emotional valence; (2) the search of self-happy expression is significantly faster and better than the self-angry expression, that is, the processing advantage of self-positive expression exist. And the results of ERP showed that the N1, N2 and LPP amplitudes of self-happy expressions were greater than those of self-anger and other people’s expressions. The results reflected that the processing advantage of self-positive expression began in visual coding phase of N1 composition, and there is also displayed in expression decoding stage and behavioral decision stage. It showed that the early attention to self-positive expression is faster, and the middle and later period get more attention resources.

Overall, these results consistently showed that, there was a processing advantage effect of self-positive expression. According to implicit positive association theory, the self-expression with different emotional valences might have different meanings to individuals. To be detailed, the self-positive expression was related to positive attribute in self-concept, and it could promote individual cognitive processing of such stimuli. The self-negative expression was related to negative property of self-concept and it might weaken the advantages of self-processing, thereby causing individuals to slow down the processing of such stimuli.

Key words: self-expression, other-expression, visual search paradigm, implicit positive association theory, self-positivity bias

中图分类号:

B842

谭群, 尹月阳, 刘燊, 韩尚锋, 徐强, 张林. (2018). 自我积极表情加工优势效应：来自ERPs的证据. 心理学报, 50(10), 1120-1130.

TAN Qun, YIN Yueyang, LIU Shen, HAN Shangfeng, XU Qiang, ZHANG Lin. (2018). The processing advantage of self-positive expression: Evidence from an ERPs study. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 50(10), 1120-1130.

图/表 4

图1 自我(左一、左二)和他人(右一、右二)表情示例图

图2 实验程序的单次试验流程图

表1 各实验条件下表情判断的反应时(ms)和正确率(%) (M ± SD)

身份类型	表情类型	反应时	正确率
自我	快乐	713 ± 218	97 ± 2
自我	愤怒	899 ± 336	97 ± 5
他人	快乐	765 ± 257	94 ± 4
他人	愤怒	1060 ± 377	91 ± 9

图3 自我表情加工与他人表情加工的ERP总平均波形图和地形图

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