工作记忆刷新训练改善抑郁倾向大学生情绪调节能力的HRV证据

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2019.00648

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

根据流调中心用抑郁量表(CES-D)和贝克抑郁量表(BDI-II-C)的得分情况招募健康被试20例, 抑郁倾向被试40例, 以自愿参加的分组方式将抑郁倾向被试分为工作记忆刷新训练组和对照组, 每组20例。对训练组进行为期20天的工作记忆刷新训练, 对照组不做处理。记录各组被试在前后测的刷新功能以及在情绪调节任务中量表的得分情况, 并收集各组被试在5种实验条件下的心率变异性(HRV)的频域指标值, 结果发现：前测时抑郁倾向个体的HF-HRV显著低于健康个体的平均水平。经过工作记忆训练, 后测的抑郁倾向训练组在情绪调节任务中的HF-HRV水平有显著的提高, 贴近健康对照组的水平, 并与抑郁倾向对照组分离。研究表明, 工作记忆刷新训练能够使抑郁倾向大学生的HRV活动更接近健康被试的HRV活动, 表明抑郁倾向大学生的情绪调节能力得到了改善。

关键词: 抑郁倾向, 工作记忆刷新训练, 情绪调节能力, 心率变异性(HRV)

Abstract:

Emotion regulation provides an effective way to understand and control our emotion. The lack of emotion regulation skill is viewed as one of the major causes of emotional problems, such as depression, anxiety disorder and others. Researchers have attempted to find an effective way to improve individuals’ emotion regulation ability. In recent years, a promising direction is working memory updating, which is an essential element in the central executive component of working memory. Some studies suggest that working memory updating plays a critical role in modulating the emotion regulation process and that working memory updating training can enhance emotion regulation ability.

Thus, it is possible to improve depression-prone individuals’ emotion regulation ability through working memory training.

In order to examine the effect of working memory training on the emotion regulation ability of depression-prone college students, we used CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) and BDI-II-C (Beck Depression Inventory II Chinese) evaluation to recruit 40 depression-prone students and 20 healthy students. The depression-prone students were further divided into training and control groups voluntarily. The depression-prone training group completed a 20-day working memory training program. The depression-prone control group and healthy control group did not take part in the training. Participants’ scores for 2-back and 3-back tasks, Emotion Regulation Scale (ERS) scores, subjective emotion ratings for emotion regulation tasks, and HF (High Frequency Power) HRV (Heart Rate Variability) and LF (Low Frequency Power) HRV measurements for five conditions (resting, neutral, attending, relaxed and regulation) during pre-test and post-test phases were collected and analyzed. Statistical methods, including observation and variance analysis, were used to compare collected data from the three groups.

We found a significant main effect of condition on subjective emotion ratings. Participants’ subjective emotion scores for the regulation and attending conditions were significantly higher than those for the neutral condition. In addition, the emotion scores for the regulation condition were significantly lower than those for the attending condition. As for the HRV data, during the pre-test phase, the depression-prone training and control groups had no significant difference with respect to HF-HRV, and their HF-HRV was significantly lower than that of the healthy control group. As for the ratio of LF/HF-HRV, a significant condition × group interaction was found. Resting LF/HF-HRV of the healthy control group was significantly higher than that of the depression-prone training and control groups. During the post-test phase, there was a significant increase in HF-HRV for the depression-prone training group. HF-HRV for the depression-prone training group became closer to that of the healthy control group and was marginally significantly higher than that of the depression-prone control group. Moreover, HF-HRV for the depression-prone training group was significantly higher with respect to the regulation condition than the resting condition, while there was no difference for the other two groups. During the post-test phase, the ratio of LF/HF-HRV for the depression-prone training group was significantly higher than for the depression-prone control group, and there was no significant difference between the depression-prone training group and the healthy control group.

In conclusion, the HRV data for the depression-prone training group was more similar to that of the healthy control group during the post-test phase than that of the depression-prone control group, which indicated an improvement in emotional regulation ability. For future research, a larger sample size and a more sophisticated experimental paradigm for HRV data collection are needed.

Key words: depression tendency, working memory updating training, emotion regulation ability, heart rate variability (HRV)

中图分类号:

B842
R395

彭婉晴, 罗帏, 周仁来. (2019). 工作记忆刷新训练改善抑郁倾向大学生情绪调节能力的HRV证据. 心理学报, 51(6), 648-661.

PENG Wanqing, LUO Wei, ZHOU Renlai. (2019). HRV evidence for the improvement of emotion regulation in university students with depression tendency by working memory training. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 51(6), 648-661.

图/表 9

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组别	性别(男/女)	年龄(岁)	CES-D得分	BDI-Ⅱ-C得分
健康对照组	6/14	19.95 ± 1.60	11.55 ± 5.07	3.90 ± 3.86
抑郁倾向训练组	4/16	20.40 ± 1.31	28.85 ± 5.47	20.57 ± 5.33
抑郁倾向对照组	3/17	19.75 ± 1.65	30.70 ± 5.82	21.50 ± 6.33

组别	性别(男/女)	年龄(岁)	CES-D得分	BDI-Ⅱ-C得分
健康对照组	6/14	19.95 ± 1.60	11.55 ± 5.07	3.90 ± 3.86
抑郁倾向训练组	4/16	20.40 ± 1.31	28.85 ± 5.47	20.57 ± 5.33
抑郁倾向对照组	3/17	19.75 ± 1.65	30.70 ± 5.82	21.50 ± 6.33

刷新功能	抑郁倾向训练组	抑郁倾向对照组	健康对照组
2-back正确率(%)
前测	77.82 ± 15.95	78.69 ± 15.70	74.85 ± 14.90
后测	84.13 ± 9.06	89.56 ± 7.90	84.70 ± 9.38
提高	6.30 ± 14.13	10.86 ± 14.82	9.85 ± 14.37
2-back反应时(ms)
前测	1036.29 ± 204.40	1049.52 ± 182.21	1121.83 ± 206.04
后测	980.61 ± 207.58	935.94 ± 182.18	978.98 ± 169.21
提高	-55.68 ± 221.96	-113.58 ± 194.04	-142.84 ± 138.54
3-back正确率(%)
前测	62.04 ± 11.82	66.59 ± 14.47	64.70 ± 14.06
后测	75.90 ± 12.94	75.45 ± 13.46	72.70 ± 12.63
提高	13.86 ± 16.25	8.86 ± 17.60	8.00 ± 15.18
3-back反应时(ms)
前测	1095.30 ± 247.68	1086.36 ± 189.90	1084.86 ± 199.58
后测	1021.73 ± 241.30	984.06 ± 201.24	1015.10 ± 163.16
提高	-73.57 ± 224.06	-102.30 ± 204.90	-69.76 ± 173.54

刷新功能	抑郁倾向训练组	抑郁倾向对照组	健康对照组
2-back正确率(%)
前测	77.82 ± 15.95	78.69 ± 15.70	74.85 ± 14.90
后测	84.13 ± 9.06	89.56 ± 7.90	84.70 ± 9.38
提高	6.30 ± 14.13	10.86 ± 14.82	9.85 ± 14.37
2-back反应时(ms)
前测	1036.29 ± 204.40	1049.52 ± 182.21	1121.83 ± 206.04
后测	980.61 ± 207.58	935.94 ± 182.18	978.98 ± 169.21
提高	-55.68 ± 221.96	-113.58 ± 194.04	-142.84 ± 138.54
3-back正确率(%)
前测	62.04 ± 11.82	66.59 ± 14.47	64.70 ± 14.06
后测	75.90 ± 12.94	75.45 ± 13.46	72.70 ± 12.63
提高	13.86 ± 16.25	8.86 ± 17.60	8.00 ± 15.18
3-back反应时(ms)
前测	1095.30 ± 247.68	1086.36 ± 189.90	1084.86 ± 199.58
后测	1021.73 ± 241.30	984.06 ± 201.24	1015.10 ± 163.16
提高	-73.57 ± 224.06	-102.30 ± 204.90	-69.76 ± 173.54

条件	抑郁倾向训练组	抑郁倾向对照组	健康对照组
中性状态
前测	5.02 ± 0.41	4.75 ± 0.57	4.65 ± 0.54
后测	4.95 ± 0.74	4.67 ± 0.37	4.90 ± 0.38
投入状态
前测	7.30 ± 1.09	7.40 ± 1.03	7.12 ± 0.88
后测	7.30 ± 1.11	7.07 ± 0.86	7.42 ± 0.87
调节状态
前测	6.02 ± 1.16	6.57 ± 0.92	6.40 ± 0.66
后测	6.07 ± 0.90	6.52 ± 0.89	6.30 ± 1.14