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Abstract: Three topics relating the problem of aircraft pilot selection were discussed: 1. An historical review, with special emphasis on the work done in the United States and Soviet Union during the Second World War. 2. On the theoretical and methodological side, a theory was developed in which flight ability is regarded as a dynamic interaction of sensory-motor skills, and of emotional and personality characteristics; therefore performance tests of a complex, dynamic type should be designed, simulating the main features of flight manoeuvres, rather than that measuring only the basic perceptual motor processes. These tests, however, should be considered jointly with motivational and personality evaluations. 3. Comments on future developments of aircrew, as well as astronaut, selection.

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