情绪动机对人际情绪调节策略选择的影响：来自行为与超扫描的实验证据

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2025.1589

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 人际情绪调节是社会互动中的一方(调节者)有目的地帮助另一方(目标者)控制情绪的过程。本研究通过两个实验考察情绪动机(包括动机强度和方向)对人际情绪调节策略选择的影响及其神经机制。结果发现在回避动机条件下, 被试在调节自己情绪时倾向于选择认知重评/注意转移等调节性策略, 且该倾向不受动机强度的影响; 当调节他人情绪时, 虽然被试也表现出调节策略使用偏好, 但随着动机强度的提高, 被试选择认知重评的倾向显著低于注意转移; 另外, 被试为他人选择重评的比例显著高于为自己选择该策略的比例, 为对方选择观察的比例显著低于为自己选择的比例。在趋近动机条件下, 被试并未表现出对任何调节策略的偏好。近红外成像数据显示, 调节者右侧前额叶的激活能够显著正向预测他们为目标者选择调节策略的倾向; 而左侧颞顶联合区(TPJ)的激活水平能显著负向预测他们为目标者选择认知重评的偏好, 右侧TPJ激活则能正向预测对观察策略(不调节)的选择偏好。超扫描数据表明调节者与目标者在背外侧前额叶(dlPFC)和TPJ上的脑间同步活动水平越高, 调节者越有可能使用认知重评调节目标者的回避动机情绪。上述结果为人际情绪调节策略选择的影响因素及其神经机制提供了新的理解。

关键词: 情绪调节策略选择, 人际情绪调节, 内部情绪调节, 情绪动机, 脑间同步性

Abstract:

Interpersonal emotion regulation refers to the process by which individuals help others control their emotions during social interaction. Social situations are complex and changeable, and it has been suggested that it is of great importance to choose between different strategies in different contexts. Based on the theory of emotion motivation, the current study explores the influence of motivational intensity and direction on interpersonal emotion regulation choice through one behavioral experiment. Then, based on the main findings of Experiment 1, the Experiment 2 further explored the neural mechanism underlying the effect.

The present study used the Emotion Regulation Choice Task (ERCT) to explore the effect of emotional motivation, including the motivational intensity and direction, on interpersonal emotion regulation choice (Experiment 1), and to explore the neural mechanism underlying the regulator's strategy choice behavior using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning technique (Experiment 2). Experiment 1 used a within-subjects design with 2 (motivational direction: withdrawal-motivated emotion vs. approach-motivated emotion ) × 2 (motivational intensity: high vs. low) × 2 (task type: intrapersonal ERCT vs. interpersonal ERCT) format. A total of 40 participants were required to choose one of emotion regulation strategies including distraction, reappraisal or watch in the Emotion Regulation Choice Task (ERCT). In the final analysis, the data of 33 valid subjects (4 male and 29 female) were included. Based on the main findings of Experiment 1, Experiment 2 focused on the intensity of withdrawal-motivated emotion and used a 2 (intensity of withdrawal-motivated emotion: high vs. low) × 2 (task type: intrapersonal ERCT vs. interpersonal ERCT) format. 44 female friend dyads participated in Experiment 2.

In experiment 1, we found that in withdrawal-motivated emotion, the regulatory strategies including cognitive reappraisal and distraction were chosen more often over watch in the intrapersonal ERCT and interpersonal ERCT. However, participants did not show preference for the three strategies under the condition of approach-motivated emotion. Moreover, the results showed that participants’ preference for reappraisal decreased with the increase of motivational intensity when regulating emotion of themselves. During the process of regulating another personal’s emotion, participants tended to choose cognitive reappraisal whereas showed no preference for different strategies in the condition of approach-motivated emotion. In Experiment 2, the behavioral results show that reappraisal was chosen more often over distraction in low-intensity withdrawal- motivated emotion, while no difference between these two strategies in high-intensity withdrawal-motivated emotion. The brain imaging results showed that, in the context of low-intensity withdrawal-motivated emotion, the activation of right prefrontal cortex (PFC) could positively predicted the regulator’s preference for regulatory strategies when regulating target’s emotion. And the higher activation in left temporoparietal junction (TPJ) was associated with less choice of reappraisal, while the significant activation in regulator’s right TPJ could prompt more choice of observation. Besides, the higher brain-to-brain synchrony between regulator and target in orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) was associated with regulator’s lower preference for reappraisal while higher level of interbrain synchrony in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and TPJ could predict more frequently choice of reappraisal.

The results of this study provided insights into people’s choice of strategies when regulating others’ emotion in different motivational context and its neural mechanism. Our findings expand the current understanding of the influencing factors of interpersonal emotion regulation strategy choice.

Key words: Emotion regulation choice, intrapersonal emotion regulation, interpersonal emotion regulation, the motivational dimension of affect, neural synchronization

中图分类号:

B842
B845

何从莲, 袁加锦. (2025). 情绪动机对人际情绪调节策略选择的影响：来自行为与超扫描的实验证据. 心理学报, 57(9), 1589-1608.

HE Conglian, YUAN Jiajin. (2025). The influence of emotional motivation on interpersonal emotion regulation strategy choice: Evidence from behavioral and hyperscanning. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 57(9), 1589-1608.

图/表 16

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回避动机强度	因变量	模型参数	标准化回归系数(β)	t值的显著性(p)
低	重评选择比例	R²= 0.16	right PFC = 0.13	0.457
		F(3, 40) = 2.57	left TPJ = −0.45	0.022
		p = 0.067	right TPJ = 0.02	0.939
	分心选择比例	R²= 0.09	right PFC = 0.28	0.130
		F(3, 40) = 1.32	left TPJ = 0.14	0.464
		p = 0.283	right TPJ = −0.14	0.487
	观察选择比例	R²= 0.21	right PFC = −0.41	0.019
		F(3, 40) = 3.47	left TPJ = 0.39	0.033
		p = 0.025	right TPJ = 0.16	0.400
高	重评选择比例	R² = 0.01	right PFC = 0.08	0.667
		F(3, 40) = 0.16	left TPJ = −0.02	0.911
		p = 0.922	right TPJ = 0.06	0.769
	分心选择比例	R² = 0.05	right PFC = 0.26	0.143
		F(3, 40) = 0.75	left TPJ = 0.001	0.998
		p = 0.528	right TPJ = −0.14	0.479
	观察选择比例	R² = 0.09	right PFC = −0.28	0.104
		F(3, 40) = 1.36	left TPJ = 0.20	0.259
		p = 0.270	right TPJ = 0.02	0.922

回避动机强度	因变量	模型参数	标准化回归系数(β)	t值的显著性(p)
低	重评选择比例	R²= 0.16	right PFC = 0.13	0.457
		F(3, 40) = 2.57	left TPJ = −0.45	0.022
		p = 0.067	right TPJ = 0.02	0.939
	分心选择比例	R²= 0.09	right PFC = 0.28	0.130
		F(3, 40) = 1.32	left TPJ = 0.14	0.464
		p = 0.283	right TPJ = −0.14	0.487
	观察选择比例	R²= 0.21	right PFC = −0.41	0.019
		F(3, 40) = 3.47	left TPJ = 0.39	0.033
		p = 0.025	right TPJ = 0.16	0.400
高	重评选择比例	R² = 0.01	right PFC = 0.08	0.667
		F(3, 40) = 0.16	left TPJ = −0.02	0.911
		p = 0.922	right TPJ = 0.06	0.769
	分心选择比例	R² = 0.05	right PFC = 0.26	0.143
		F(3, 40) = 0.75	left TPJ = 0.001	0.998
		p = 0.528	right TPJ = −0.14	0.479
	观察选择比例	R² = 0.09	right PFC = −0.28	0.104
		F(3, 40) = 1.36	left TPJ = 0.20	0.259
		p = 0.270	right TPJ = 0.02	0.922

因变量	模型参数	标准化回归系数(β)	t值的显著性(p)
重评选择比例	R²= 0.42 F(6, 33) = 3.94 p = 0.004	mPFC = 0.51	0.116
		OFC = −0.83	0.043
		left dlPFC = 0.86	0.033
		right dlPFC = −0.23	0.546
		left TPJ = −0.34	0.087
		right TPJ = 0.39	0.037
分心选择比例	R²= 0.23 F(6, 33) = 1.67 p = 0.159	mPFC = −0.26	0.480
		OFC = 0.20	0.669
		left dlPFC = −0.38	0.398
		right dlPFC = 0.14	0.760
		left TPJ = 0.21	0.362
观察选择比例	R²= 0.20 F(6, 33) = 1.40 p = 0.243	mPFC = −0.40	0.288
		OFC = 0.88	0.066
		left dlPFC = −0.71	0.126
		right dlPFC = 0.15	0.735
		left TPJ = 0.23	0.320
		right TPJ = −0.18	0.416

因变量	模型参数	标准化回归系数(β)	t值的显著性(p)
重评选择比例	R²= 0.42 F(6, 33) = 3.94 p = 0.004	mPFC = 0.51	0.116
		OFC = −0.83	0.043
		left dlPFC = 0.86	0.033
		right dlPFC = −0.23	0.546
		left TPJ = −0.34	0.087
		right TPJ = 0.39	0.037
分心选择比例	R²= 0.23 F(6, 33) = 1.67 p = 0.159	mPFC = −0.26	0.480
		OFC = 0.20	0.669
		left dlPFC = −0.38	0.398
		right dlPFC = 0.14	0.760
		left TPJ = 0.21	0.362
观察选择比例	R²= 0.20 F(6, 33) = 1.40 p = 0.243	mPFC = −0.40	0.288
		OFC = 0.88	0.066
		left dlPFC = −0.71	0.126
		right dlPFC = 0.15	0.735
		left TPJ = 0.23	0.320
		right TPJ = −0.18	0.416

因变量	模型参数	标准化回归系数(β)	t值的显著性(p)
重评选择比例	R²= 0.31 F(6, 33) = 2.52 p = 0.040	mPFC = −0.18	0.632
		OFC = −1.33	0.008
		left dlPFC = 0.37	0.577
		right dlPFC = 1.12	0.012
		left TPJ = −0.10	0.625
		right TPJ = 0.46	0.038
分心选择比例	R²= 0.15 F(6, 33) = 0.94 p = 0.480	mPFC = 0.27	0.544
		OFC = −0.48	0.366
		left dlPFC = 0.31	0.671
		right dlPFC = −0.26	0.585
		left TPJ = 0.03	0.903
		right TPJ = −0.24	0.324
观察选择比例	R²= 0.20 F(6, 33) = 1.33 p = 0.271	mPFC = −0.20	0.630
		OFC = 1.35	0.012
		left dlPFC = −0.50	0.483
		right dlPFC = −0.61	0.193
		left TPJ = 0.09	0.682
		right TPJ = −0.14	0.540