童年期情感虐待与欺凌受害在青少年抑郁症状发展中的联合作用：序列中介还是增强调节

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2025.1056

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为考察两类人际风险因素(童年期情感虐待和青春期欺凌受害)在青少年抑郁症状发展中的纵向联合作用, 对521名中学生进行2年3轮的追踪调查。基于潜在增长曲线模型及其变式的分析结果显示：(1)童年期情感虐待与青春期欺凌受害均显著正向预测青少年的抑郁症状, 表现在初始截距与增长斜率两个方面; (2)欺凌受害的初始截距与增长斜率在童年期情感虐待对青少年抑郁症状的预测中发挥中介作用; (3)在初始截距方面, 童年期情感虐待削弱了欺凌受害对抑郁症状的正向预测作用, 但在增长斜率方面无显著调节作用。上述结果表明, 童年期情感虐待和青春期欺凌受害不仅可独立预测青少年抑郁症状的发展, 而且还可发挥联合作用, 主要表现为纵向的序列中介模式(而非增强调节模式)。据此结论, 本文将抑郁的人际风险模型与累积风险模型整合为累积人际风险模型, 并将跨发展阶段、跨关系系统的人际风险因素对青少年抑郁的纵向作用模式确定为序列中介。

关键词: 童年期情感虐待, 欺凌受害, 抑郁症状, 累积人际风险模型, 序列中介模式

Abstract:

Adolescence is a distinctive developmental phase bridging childhood and adulthood, characterized by both opportunities and challenges across mental health and interpersonal domains. Depressive symptoms and bullying victimization are prevalent in adolescence. Meanwhile, the negative developmental consequences of childhood emotional abuse also tend to emerge during this period. The interpersonal risk model highlights the risk of developing depressive symptoms from interpersonal victimization, yet several details still require empirical validation: (1) Does childhood emotional abuse positively predict the developmental trajectories of bullying victimization and depressive symptoms in adolescence? (2) Is there a time-dependent correlation between bullying victimization and the developmental trajectory of depressive symptoms in adolescence? (3) Does childhood emotional abuse moderate the longitudinal relationship between bullying victimization and depressive symptoms in adolescence? (4) Does the developmental trajectory of bullying victimization mediate the longitudinal relationship between childhood emotional abuse and adolescent depressive symptoms? Given the negative impacts of childhood emotional abuse, bullying victimization, and depression on adolescent development, exploring their trajectories and interrelationships over time has important theoretical and practical implications.

A total of 521 high school students from China (M_age = 13.83 years, SD_age = 1.40, 59.31% boys) were recruited to participate in a three-wave longitudinal survey study over a two-year period. The latent growth curve model (LGCM) and its variants were used to examine the mediating role of bullying victimization in the association between childhood emotional abuse and adolescent depressive symptoms, as well as the moderating effect of childhood emotional abuse on the relationship between bullying victimization and depressive symptoms. Parameter estimation was conducted using the Bayesian method. Convergence of the Markov Chain was indicated by the Potential Scale Reduction (PSR) below 1.025. Model fit was considered acceptable if the 95% credible interval of the Posterior Predictive Checking (PPC) includes zero.

The results revealed that: (1) childhood emotional abuse significantly and positively predicted both adolescent bullying victimization and depressive symptoms, as shown by both the initial intercept and the growth slope. (2) Bullying victimization significantly and positively predicted adolescent depressive symptoms in terms of both initial intercept and growth slope. (3) Bullying victimization served as a mediator in the relationship between childhood emotional abuse and adolescent depressive symptoms, influencing both the initial intercept and the growth slope. (4) Childhood emotional abuse weakened the effect of the initial intercept of bullying victimization on the initial intercept of depressive symptoms, but did not significant moderate the growth slope of depressive symptoms.

Findings indicate that childhood emotional abuse and adolescent bullying victimization both independently and jointly predict the development of depressive symptoms in adolescence. The joint effect was within a longitudinal sequential mediation model rather than an enhanced moderation model. Such results integrate the interpersonal risk model and the cumulative risk model into a cumulative interpersonal risk model, demonstrating how interpersonal risk factors operate sequentially across developmental stages and relational systems to influence the development of adolescent depressive symptoms. Practically, these findings highlight the need for a timely and multilayered approach in the prevention of bullying victimization and depression. Given the negative effect of childhood emotional abuse on individual’s ability to cope with subsequent interpersonal risks, timely implemented of interventions is crucial for mitigating the cumulative effect of risks over time, which may prevent the onset of severe mental health issues.

Key words: childhood emotional abuse, bullying victimization, depressive symptom, cumulative interpersonal risk model, sequential mediation model

中图分类号:

B844

李喜, 张畅, 于睿泽, 殷一珈, 周同, 刘伟, 陈宁. (2025). 童年期情感虐待与欺凌受害在青少年抑郁症状发展中的联合作用：序列中介还是增强调节. 心理学报, 57(6), 1056-1069.

LI Xi, ZHANG Chang, YU Ruize, YIN Yijia, ZHOU Tong, LIU Wei, CHEN Ning. (2025). The joint role of childhood emotional abuse and bullying victimization in the development of adolescent depressive symptoms: Sequential mediation or enhanced moderation?. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 57(6), 1056-1069.

图/表 10

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变量	M	SD	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
1. 性别	-	-	1
2. 学段	1.35	0.49	−0.02	1
3. 童年期情感虐待	1.30	0.51	0.05	0.15^**	1
4. T1欺凌受害	1.20	0.50	−0.10^*	−0.10^*	0.16^***	1
5. T2欺凌受害	1.24	0.50	−0.06	0.02	0.21^***	0.32^***	1
6. T3欺凌受害	1.23	0.42	−0.13^**	0.10^*	0.34^***	0.22^***	0.50^***	1
7. T1抑郁症状	0.73	0.51	0.15^***	0.23^***	0.30^***	0.31^***	0.23^***	0.22^***	1
8. T2抑郁症状	0.79	0.51	0.20^***	0.19^***	0.33^***	0.09	0.32^***	0.24^***	0.44^***	1
9. T3抑郁症状	0.90	0.52	0.19^***	0.20^***	0.45^***	0.08	0.27^***	0.39^***	0.51^***	0.59^***	1

变量	M	SD	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
1. 性别	-	-	1
2. 学段	1.35	0.49	−0.02	1
3. 童年期情感虐待	1.30	0.51	0.05	0.15^**	1
4. T1欺凌受害	1.20	0.50	−0.10^*	−0.10^*	0.16^***	1
5. T2欺凌受害	1.24	0.50	−0.06	0.02	0.21^***	0.32^***	1
6. T3欺凌受害	1.23	0.42	−0.13^**	0.10^*	0.34^***	0.22^***	0.50^***	1
7. T1抑郁症状	0.73	0.51	0.15^***	0.23^***	0.30^***	0.31^***	0.23^***	0.22^***	1
8. T2抑郁症状	0.79	0.51	0.20^***	0.19^***	0.33^***	0.09	0.32^***	0.24^***	0.44^***	1
9. T3抑郁症状	0.90	0.52	0.19^***	0.20^***	0.45^***	0.08	0.27^***	0.39^***	0.51^***	0.59^***	1

变量	模型	CFI	RMSEA	ΔCFI	ΔRMSEA
欺凌受害
	形态等值	0.903	0.089
	弱等值性	0.891	0.090	−0.012	0.001
	强等值性	0.890	0.087	−0.001	−0.003
	严格等值	0.863	0.093	−0.027	0.006
抑郁症状
	形态等值	0.918	0.057
	弱等值性	0.912	0.058	−0.006	0.001
	强等值性	0.906	0.058	−0.006	0.000
	严格等值	0.878	0.066	−0.028	0.008

变量	模型	CFI	RMSEA	ΔCFI	ΔRMSEA
欺凌受害
	形态等值	0.903	0.089
	弱等值性	0.891	0.090	−0.012	0.001
	强等值性	0.890	0.087	−0.001	−0.003
	严格等值	0.863	0.093	−0.027	0.006
抑郁症状
	形态等值	0.918	0.057
	弱等值性	0.912	0.058	−0.006	0.001
	强等值性	0.906	0.058	−0.006	0.000
	严格等值	0.878	0.066	−0.028	0.008

路径	β	SE	p	95% CI
童年期情感虐待→抑郁症状(I)的路径
直接效应	0.19	0.06	0.002	[0.07, 0.31]
童年期情感虐待→欺凌受害(I)→抑郁症状(I)	0.16	0.05	<0.001	[0.08, 0.25]
童年期情感虐待→抑郁症状(S)的路径
直接效应	0.27	0.09	0.001	[0.09, 0.44]
童年期情感虐待→欺凌受害(S)→抑郁症状(S)	0.07	0.04	0.019	[0.01, 0.15]
童年期情感虐待→欺凌受害(I)→抑郁症状(S)	−0.07	0.04	0.023	[−0.15, 0.01]