提取暴露时长对恐惧记忆再巩固与消退的调控

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2024.01076

心理学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (8): 1076-1090.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2024.01076

提取暴露时长对恐惧记忆再巩固与消退的调控

陈伟¹, 姚霖², 倪晓冰¹, 李俊娇³, 吴子悠¹, 郑希付¹()

¹华南师范大学大脑、认知与教育科学教育部重点实验室; 华南师范大学心理学院; 华南师范大学心理应用研究中心, 广州 510631
²华南师范大学心理应用研究中心, 广州 510631
³中国联合网络通信有限公司广州市分公司, 广州 510650

收稿日期:2023-10-10 发布日期:2024-06-17 出版日期:2024-08-25
通讯作者: 郑希付, E-mail: zhengxifu@m.scnu.edu.cn
作者简介:第一联系人：陈伟和姚霖同为第一作者。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32200899);国家自然科学基金项目(32371137);教育部人文社会科学研究项目(22YJC190001);中国博士后科学基金第71批面上资助项目(2022M711226);广东省哲学社会科学规划学科共建项目(GD23XXL15);广东省哲学社会科学规划学科共建项目(GD20XXL04)

The effect of retrieval exposure duration on the reconsolidation and extinction of fear memory

CHEN Wei¹, YAO Lin², NI Xiaobing¹, LI Junjiao³, WU Ziyou¹, ZHENG Xifu¹()

¹Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China; School of Psychology, and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
²China United Network Communications Corporation Guangzhou Branch, Guangzhou 510650, China
³College of Teacher Education, Guangdong University of Education, Guangzhou 510303, China

Received:2023-10-10 Online:2024-06-17 Published:2024-08-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于记忆再巩固的提取消退范式与传统消退范式在操作层面上存在很大的相似性, 提取阶段一些细微的操作设置均有可能无法使记忆进入再巩固, 失去持久抑制恐惧复发的效果。研究发现提取暴露时长会调控记忆进入不同的阶段, 其作用机制与提取引发的预期错误量有关。本研究采用控制提取试次的数量改变提取暴露时长, 在传统消退范式的基础上进行提取消退范式转化, 探究提取暴露时长对记忆再巩固与消退的调控作用, 并尝试用量化预期错误的方式厘清其调控机制。结果发现, 单次提取消退触发记忆再巩固更新、双次提取消退无效(结果与传统消退一致)、四次提取消退增强消退记忆强度, 预期错误量化结果佐证了这几个过程的差异。研究结果有利于进一步揭示人类恐惧记忆再巩固与消退的调控因素。

关键词: 暴露时长, 传统消退范式, 提取消退范式, 预期错误

Abstract:

The operational similarities between the retrieval extinction paradigm (reconsolidation-based) and the traditional extinction paradigm (extinction-based)—involving subtle procedural settings during the retrieval phase—may prevent memories from entering the reconsolidation stage, thus avoiding the long-lasting inhibitory effect on fear relapse. Studies have shown that the duration of retrieval exposure regulates the phase into which memories enter; this mechanism is related to the number of prediction errors elicited during retrieval. This study is intended to investigate the regulatory role of retrieval exposure duration from memory reconsolidation to extinction and to clarify its mechanism by quantifying prediction errors.

In this study, skin conductance responses and subjective expectancy values were collected and combined with a simplified Rescorla−Wagner learning model to fit the PE quantification curve. Following the experimental design idea of transitioning from the traditional extinction paradigm to the retrieval extinction paradigm, extinction training was divided into retrieval and extinction phases based on different numbers of retrieval trials to form four retrieval exposure durations: traditional extinction, single-trial retrieval extinction, double-trial retrieval extinction, and quadruple-trial retrieval extinction. The effects of conditioned fear memory elimination under these four conditions were compared.

The results revealed that in the spontaneous recovery test, both the single-trial and quadruple-trial retrieval extinction groups showed better inhibitory effects on spontaneous fear recovery, whereas the traditional and double-trial retrieval extinction groups exhibited evident spontaneous recovery effects. In the fear reinstatement test, only the single-trial retrieval extinction group showed a better inhibitory effect on fear reinstatement, while the other three groups all demonstrated fear reinstatement effects. Furthermore, the subjective expectancy results for the CS+ trials on the second day among the four groups indicated that there were no intergroup differences in the participants’ subjective expectations of whether CS+ was accompanied by a shock. However, in terms of quantified prediction errors, the single-trial retrieval extinction group showed the most significant change in prediction errors on the second day of the CS+ trials, with the overall lowest prediction error values.

This study determined that the number of retrieval trials played a crucial role in the successful transition from the traditional extinction paradigm to the retrieval extinction paradigm in human fear conditioning. This study emphasizes the importance of prediction errors during the retrieval phase as a potential determinant of memories undergoing reconsolidation or extinction. It is recommended that studies delve deeper into identifying specific neural markers for memory reconsolidation and extinction in humans, with the aim of designing more reliable clinical treatments for maladaptive emotional memories.

Key words: exposure duration, traditional extinction paradigm, retrieval extinction paradigm, prediction errors

中图分类号:

B845

陈伟, 姚霖, 倪晓冰, 李俊娇, 吴子悠, 郑希付. (2024). 提取暴露时长对恐惧记忆再巩固与消退的调控. 心理学报, 56(8), 1076-1090.

CHEN Wei, YAO Lin, NI Xiaobing, LI Junjiao, WU Ziyou, ZHENG Xifu. (2024). The effect of retrieval exposure duration on the reconsolidation and extinction of fear memory. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 56(8), 1076-1090.

图/表 11

表1 被试分组信息及问卷数据

变量	组别				F or χ²	p
变量	E (n = 23)	R1 (n = 23)	R2 (n = 21)	R4 (n = 20)	F or χ²	p
男性被试人数(占比)	6 (26.09%)	9 (39.13%)	5 (23.81%)	4 (20.00%)	2.29	0.515
年龄	20.35 ± 4.24	21.43 ± 3.98	19.95 ± 4.16	21.70 ± 4.85	0.04	0.990
STAI-T	43.04 ± 8.98	42.87 ± 7.96	39.76 ± 8.29	43.00 ± 9.62	0.03	0.992
BDI	4.30 ± 0.90	5.52 ± 1.03	6.81 ± 1.42	6.95 ± 1.55	1.03	0.382
电击强度	54.96 ± 11.46	50.30 ± 9.34	55.38 ± 11.55	44.25 ± 9.89	0.23	0.877

图1 实验材料

图2 刺激与电击呈现流程图

图3 整体实验流程图

图4 四组被试在恐惧记忆习得、提取消退、自发恢复测试和重建测试阶段的皮肤电反应注：横坐标代表试次, 误差线表示标准误。

图5 各组提取后的消退训练情况对比注：E代表传统消退组, R1代表单次提取消退组, R2代表双次提取消退组, R4代表4次提取消退组。*p < 0.05。

图6 各组恐惧记忆自发恢复情况对比注：E代表传统消退组, R1代表单次提取消退组, R2代表双次提取消退组, R4代表4次提取消退组。自发恢复量=自发恢复第一个试次SCR值－消退最后一个试次SCR值(Schiller et al., 2010)。*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01。

图7 各组恐惧记忆重建情况对比注：E代表传统消退组, R1代表单次提取消退组, R2代表双次提取消退组, R4代表4次提取消退组。恐惧重建量=重建后第一个试次SCR值－自发恢复最后一个试次SCR值(Schiller et al., 2010)。*p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001。

图8 各组习得与提取消退阶段的主观预期值和拟合预期值注：红色虚线为被试主观评定的预期值, 黑色实线为强化学习模型拟合的预期值。彩图见电子版

表2 模型拟合主要参数

组别	α	model error	average PE
E	0.18	0.14	0.19
R1	0.27	0.12	0.12
R2	0.18	0.09	0.15
R4	0.24	0.14	0.14

图9 四组被试第二天12个试次产生的预期错误值注：E代表传统消退组, R1代表单次提取消退组, R2代表双次提取消退组, R4代表4次提取消退组。

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提取暴露时长对恐惧记忆再巩固与消退的调控

The effect of retrieval exposure duration on the reconsolidation and extinction of fear memory

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