阻断范式中时间结构线索对预测运动的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2025.1540

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

判断被遮挡的运动客体何时到达某一目标位置的任务称为预测运动任务。目前, 时间结构在阻断范式中对预测运动任务的影响机制尚不清楚。实验1采用连续实验探究时间结构对预测运动的影响, 结果显示相较于时间结构不同条件,时间结构相同能够显著提高被试的任务绩效; 实验2使用闪烁实验分离了视觉速度对预测运动的影响, 结果显示时间结构相同也能够提高被试的任务绩效;实验3通过随机实验探究干扰条件下时间结构对预测运动的影响,结果显示时间结构相同也增加了被试判断的准确性。本研究表明在预测运动任务中,时间结构相同是提高个体任务绩效的关键因素, 且在视觉通道内其作用具有稳定性。

关键词: 预测运动, 节律, 时间结构, 阻断范式

Abstract:

The capacity to precisely estimate the arrival time of a moving object at a designated point plays a crucial role in numerous daily activities, including catching a thrown ball or avoiding obstacles during driving. This process, referred to as a prediction motion (PM) task, requires estimating the moment at which a moving stimulus reaches a specific target. The present research explores the influence of time structure on performance within the interruption paradigm of PM tasks, focusing on the effect of timing patterns on the accuracy of motion prediction.

Experiment 1 employed a continuous test to explore the influence of time structure on performance in PM tasks. 25 university students participated in a task where a blue square moved from an initial location toward a target, became temporarily hidden at an interception point, and then reappeared at the designated target. Participants were instructed to determine whether the square arrived earlier or later than expected. Findings indicated that task accuracy significantly improved under a uniform time structure (T = 1.0) compared to variable structures (T ≠ 1.0). These results imply that a stable time structure provides a reliable reference, enhancing the precision of motion prediction.

Experiment 2 was designed to separate the effect of visual speed on PM task performance by incorporating a flicker condition, wherein the moving stimulus became occluded before reaching the interception point. This setup eliminated access to visual speed cues, allowing for an examination of the predictive role of time structure alone. Results were consistent with those of Experiment 1, demonstrating that a stable time structure enhanced task accuracy even when visual speed data was unavailable. These outcomes indicate the significant influence of time structure on PM task performance, regardless of the availability of visual speed information.

Experiment 3 extended the investigation into the stability of the time structure effect by implementing random interference conditions. In this setup, the moving stimulus flickered unpredictably between the starting point and the interception point, thereby interrupting the formation of a stable time structure. Despite these disruptions, findings revealed that performance remained superior under a consistent time structure (T = 1.0), demonstrating the stability of this effect. These results indicate that, even in the presence of distractions or irregularities, the regularity of time structure continues to play a critical role in enhancing predictive accuracy.

In summary, the three experiments presented in this study consistently revealed that maintaining a uniform time structure enhances performance in prediction motion tasks. This improvement is robust across varying experimental conditions, demonstrating a notable level of stability. The results provide empirical evidence for the influence of cognitive processes in such tasks, indicating that individuals may rely on temporal rhythm to form expectations and improve accuracy. Further neuroimaging investigations may help uncover the neural processes involved, exploring how the brain incorporates temporal cues to anticipate motion and regulate behavior.

Key words: prediction motion task, rhythm, time structure, interruption paradigm

中图分类号:

B842

秦奎元, 刘煜, 刘赛芳, 王朔, 刘鹏, 游旭群, 李苑. (2025). 阻断范式中时间结构线索对预测运动的影响. 心理学报, 57(9), 1540-1552.

QIN Kuiyuan, LIU Yu, LIU Saifang, WANG Shuo, LIU Peng, YOU Xuqun, LI Yuan. (2025). The impact of time structure cues on prediction motion tasks in the interruption paradigm. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 57(9), 1540-1552.

图/表 6

图1 实验1和实验2示意图。实验1中运动刺激从起始点向目标位置运动, 当其到达遮挡点后被遮挡, 一段时间后运动刺激出现在目标位置, 被试需要判断运动刺激提前还是延后到达该位置。实验2任务形式与实验1相似, 不同之处在于运动刺激在起始点和遮挡点之间的运动过程也被遮挡。图中都是以时间结构相同(T = 1.0)为例。彩图见电子版, 下同

图2 被试按键为“延后到达”百分比的逻辑函数拟合曲线图。A、B、C分别代表实验1, 实验2和实验3

图3 A图为被试在实验1中三种时间结构条件下的aPSE对比图, B图是被试在实验1中三种时间结构条件下的JND对比图。*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, 以下同。

图4 A图为被试在实验2中三种时间结构条件下的aPSE对比图, B图是被试在实验2中三种时间结构条件下的JND对比图。

图5 A图为被试在实验3中三种时间结构条件下的aPSE对比图, B图是被试在实验3中三种时间结构条件下的JND对比图。

图6 A图为被试在3个实验中不同时间结构条件下PSE的对比, B图为被试在3个实验中不同时间结构条件下aPSE的对比, C图为被试在3个实验中不同时间结构条件下PSE的对比。误差棒为标准误

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