ISSN 0439-755X
CN 11-1911/B
主办:中国心理学会
   中国科学院心理研究所
出版:科学出版社

心理学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (10): 1248-1257.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2016.01248

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

任务呈现方式、双任务反应顺序影响算术估算策略选择与执行

艾继如;张红段;司继伟;卢 淳;张堂正   

  1. (山东师范大学心理学院, 济南 250358)
  • 收稿日期:2015-08-17 发布日期:2016-10-25 出版日期:2016-10-25
  • 通讯作者: 司继伟, E-mail: sijiwei1974@126.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金面上项目(31371048)、山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2010CM059)和山东省“十二五”特色重点学科“发展与教育心理学”专项经费资助。

The effects of presenting mode, reaction order of dual task on adults’ arithmetic strategy choice and execution

AI Jiru; ZHANG Hongduan; SI Jiwei; LU Chun; ZHANG Tangzheng   

  1. (School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China)
  • Received:2015-08-17 Online:2016-10-25 Published:2016-10-25
  • Contact: SI Jiwei, E-mail: sijiwei1974@126.com

摘要:

采用选择/无选范式, 通过操纵任务呈现方式(估算题目的数字消失与否)与主次任务反应顺序(先反应算术任务或先反应字母任务), 考察了双任务协调在算术策略选择与执行中的潜在作用。结果显示:(1)不同双任务呈现情境中个体的算术策略表现有明显区别。算术题目数字不消失相比消失时, 个体对主、次任务的回答正确率都比较低, 在策略选择上更倾向于选择较简单策略, 在策略执行上准确性偏低; (2)双任务反应顺序会影响算术策略运用表现。先反应算术任务时, 双任务情境只影响策略执行的准确性; 而先反应字母任务时, 双任务情境对策略执行的准确性和反应速度均发挥干扰作用, 且估算题目的数字消失与否对策略选择准确性的影响更大, 策略选择适应性之间的差异亦更加明显。上述发现对于深入理解双任务协调功能在策略运用中的作用机制具有重要意义。

关键词: 双任务协调, 估算, 策略选择, 策略执行

Abstract:

Strategy is the way and the method of solving problems. Individuals use a variety of strategies when facing arithmetic problems. Strategy flexibility and adaptability is one of the key issues in the researching field of arithmetic cognition. Researchers postulate that central executive system affects the strategy using. For instance, the probability of individuals’ best strategy choice would be in decline and they would make more mistakes in strategy execution under the central executive load condition. Dual task coordination is an important part of the central executive system, reflecting the ability of reasonable allocation of alternation resources to select different processing modes and then to arrange the task processing sequence. Some studies found that the response was slower and less accurate in a dual task situation, and error rate increased. The way of stimulus presentation and reaction sequence affect dual task coordination. This study examined the impact of dual-task coordination on strategy use of computational estimation with two different dual task situations, and aimed at revealing the difference of individuals’ performance in different situations. Use the choice /no choice method, with 40 college students as participants, we investigated the influence of dual-task coordination on individual’s choice and execution of arithmetic estimation strategy. In ExpⅠ, arithmetic estimation task and letter task were presented simultaneously, with letter disappeared when presented after a certain time interval. The arithmetic problems disappeared in half of the trials. Participants were asked to firstly react to arithmetic task, then the reaction of letter task. On the contrary, in ExpⅡ, experimental design and materials were the same as ExpⅠ, but the only difference was participants must react to letter task firstly, and then react to arithmetic task. Dual-task situations had significant impact on individual’s strategy use. In the condition of arithmetic problems disappearing, participants had lower accuracies of both tasks, and they tended to choose the more simple rounding-down strategy. The accuracy of strategy execution was lower in the case of arithmetic problems disappearing. In addition, reaction order of task showed impact on strategy use. In the strategy execution condition, when participants were asked to first response to arithmetic task, dual task of different contexts affected the accuracy of their strategy executions; When first react to letters task, different situations affected both the reaction time and accuracy of individual’s strategy execution. In the strategy selection condition, different dual task situations had a greater impact on adaptive strategy choices in the condition of first reaction to letter task. In conclusion, dual-task coordination can affect individual’s strategy execution and choice, and the effect in the choice situation is greater than that of execution situation. The more difficult the situation is, the more the influence of dual-task coordination on strategy uses. Future research can combine with electrical technology as well as functional magnetic resonance imaging technology (fMRI) to further explore the changes of individuals’ electrical components or activated brain regions under different dual-task situations. Thus, it can provide certain neurophysiological evidences for the findings in the present study.

Key words: dual-task coordination, estimation, strategy choice, strategy execution