ISSN 0439-755X
CN 11-1911/B
主办:中国心理学会
   中国科学院心理研究所
出版:科学出版社

心理学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (1): 23-34.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2013.00023

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

情境模型中时间和空间维度更新的相互影响

何先友;李惠娟;陈广耀;汪小伟   

  1. (华南师范大学心理应用研究中心/心理学院, 广州 510631)
  • 收稿日期:2012-05-30 发布日期:2013-01-25 出版日期:2013-01-25
  • 通讯作者: 何先友;陈广耀;李惠娟
  • 基金资助:

    2010年国家自然科学基金项目(项目号:31070907)、2008年国家社会科学基金“十一五”规划课题(项目号:BBA080162)、2011教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目(项目号:NCET-10-0089)和广东省普通高校人文社科重点研究基地创新团队项目(项目号:07JDTDXMXLX01)资助。

The Interaction Between Temporal and Spatial Information in the Updating of Situation Model

HE Xianyou;LI Huijuan;CHEN Guangyao;WANG Xiaowei   

  1. (Center for Studies of Psychological Application/School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China)
  • Received:2012-05-30 Online:2013-01-25 Published:2013-01-25
  • Contact: HE Xianyou;CHEN Guangyao;LI Huijuan

摘要: 运用移动窗口技术考察情境模型中时间和空间维度同时或序列转变时二者间的相互关系。结果发现:(1)时间和空间同时转变时, 二者存在易化关系, 但时间对空间的易化作用更大; (2)当二者序列转变时, 以中文为材料的结果只发现时间对空间的易化关系, 而以英语为材料的结果则发现存在双向易化关系, 但时间对空间的易化作用更大。据此, 情境模型中的时间和空间维度更新的捆绑-预期假设得到证明。

关键词: 情境模型, 时间维度, 空间维度, 捆绑-预期假设

Abstract: Situation models refer to discourse representations that capture aspects of a micro-world created by the reader. They include five dimensions: temporality, spatiality, causality, intentionality, and protagonist. Researchers have tended to focus on the construction of situation models from a single dimension perspective. In earlier studies, researchers explored the effects of temporal or spatial information, but more recently some have redirected their attention to the interaction of temporal or spatial information with the other three dimensions of situational models. However, no experimental studies have examined the relationship between temporal and spatial information. The primary purpose of this study was to explore the interaction between temporal and spatial information. Time is linear and continuous, but space is three-dimensional and discontinuous. There were three possible relations between time and space, which were independent, inhibitory and facilitating. So, the secondary purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between temporal and spatial information in situation model processing. Ninety-seven college students participated in this study: 36 in Experiment 1, 37 in Experiment 2, and 24 in Experiment 3. In Experiment 1 we explored the relationship between temporal and spatial information when time and space dimension shifted simultaneously. In Experiment 2 we examined the interaction between time and space when the temporal dimension and spatial dimension shifted serially. In Experiment 3, which included bilingual student proficient in English and Chinese, we used English texts to test the possible interference caused by the habits of language expression to further explore the interaction of temporal and spatial information when the time and space dimension shifted serially. Results of Experiment 1 indicated that reading time was shorter when temporal and spatial information shifted simultaneously than when either the temporal or spatial dimension shifted. This finding suggested a facilitating effect between temporal and spatial information. Results of Experiment 2 showed that when temporal and spatial information shifted and the temporal dimension shifted first, reading time was shorter than when only one dimension shifted. This finding suggested that the shift in the temporal dimension had a facilitating effect on the shift in spatial information. Results of Experiment 3 were similar to those of Experiment 1, but also showed that the time dimension had a more significant facilitating effect on the processing of the spatial information shift. In sum, we found that when temporal and spatial information shifted simultaneously there was a facilitating effect between the two dimensional shifts, but that the facilitating effect of the temporal dimension on the spatial dimension was stronger than that of the spatial dimension on the temporal dimension. We also found that when temporal and spatial information shifted serially, only temporal information had a significant facilitating effect on the space dimension. However, this effect was found only with bilingual students using Chinese materials. When bilingual students read English materials, there was a mutual facilitating effect between the two dimensional shifts, but the temporal dimension had a more facilitating effect on the spatial dimension. Together, the results showed that the updating of temporal and spatial information in situation models is bound together. The results are discussed in terms of binding-expectancy hypothesis.

Key words: situation model, temporal dimension, spatial dimension, Binding-Expectancy Hypothesis