ISSN 0439-755X
CN 11-1911/B
主办：中国心理学会
　　　中国科学院心理研究所
出版：科学出版社

心理学报 ›› 2010, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (07): 754-767.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

行为表现与言语报告：3~5岁儿童的一级观点采择

赵婧;王璐;苏彦捷;陈楚侨   

  1. (1北京大学心理学系, 北京 100871) (2中国科学院心理研究所神经心理学与应用认知神经科学实验室, 北京 1001001)
    (3中国科学院心理研究所心理健康重点实验室, 北京100101)
  • 收稿日期:2009-07-27 修回日期:1900-01-01 发布日期:2010-07-30 出版日期:2010-07-30
  • 通讯作者: 苏彦捷

3 to 5 Years Old Children’s Behavioral and Verbal Performances in Level 1 Perspective-Taking

ZHAO Jing;WANG Lu;SU Yan-Jie;CHAN Raymond C. K.   

  1. (1 Department of Psychology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China)
    (2 Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China)
    (3 Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China)
  • Received:2009-07-27 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2010-07-30 Published:2010-07-30
  • Contact: SU Yan-Jie

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摘要： 为考察3~5岁儿童一级观点采择的行为表现与言语报告之间的潜在差异, 本研究采用“单面镜”范式设计了两个实验。实验1中, 54名儿童成对与实验者一起完成观点采择游戏, 逻辑回归分析结果表明3-5岁儿童的行为表现不存在显著差异(B = -0.225, Wald = 0.38, p = 0.541)。方差分析也没有发现儿童的行为表现和言语报告存在差异。由于实验1中的编码系统存在一些局限, 并且缺少对儿童偏好的控制, 因此在实验2中进行了改进。实验2选择了另外60名3~5岁儿童完成藏玩具游戏。方差分析发现了实验范式类型(行为表现或言语报告)、年龄和性别的三因素交互作用(F (2, 48) = 3.55, p = 0.037, η2 = 0.13)。结果表明随着年龄增加, 男孩与女孩一级观点采择的行为表现都显著提高, 而男孩言语报告的提高程度显著低于女孩。总体而言, 考察儿童一级观点采择时, 行为表现可能比言语报告提供更多信息。

关键词: 观点采择, 策略使用, 行为表现, 言语报告

Abstract: The study aimed to investigate the level 1 perspective-taking of 3 to 5-year-old children and to explore the potential differences between their behavioral and verbal performances. Specifically, Experiment 1 adopted the “one-way mirror” paradigm to capture the performances of 54 children. Logistic regression analysis showed that children’s behavioral performances were almost the same across ages (B = -0.225, Wald = 0.38, p = 0.541). ANOVA analysis also found that there was no discrepancy between behavioral and verbatim data. Given the limitations of the scoring system and lacking control of natural preference in the behavioral paradigm, we improved it in Experiment 2 by applying a hide-and-seek game to another group of 60 children. Three-way ANOVA analysis indicated significant interaction among task type, age and gender (F (2, 48) = 3.55, p = 0.037, η2 = 0.13). These results suggested that the behavioral performances improved from 3 to 5-year-olds in both girls and boys, with boy s’ verbal responses improved to a lesser extent than girls’. Taken together, these findings suggested that a behavioral task might provide additional information to tasks designed merely to capture verbal responses when assessing children’s level 1 perspective-taking.

Key words: perspective-taking, strategy use, behavioral performance, verbal performance