ISSN 0439-755X
CN 11-1911/B
主办:中国心理学会
   中国科学院心理研究所
出版:科学出版社

心理学报 ›› 2001, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (4): 33-40.

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FOK判断与可接近信息之间的关系

沈大为;韩凯   

  1. 北京大学心理系,北京大学心理系 北京100871 ,北京100871
  • 出版日期:2001-08-25 发布日期:2001-08-25
  • 通讯作者: 沈大为

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FOK JUDGMENTS AND THE ACCESSIBLE INFORMATION

Shen Dawei\ Han Kai (Department of Psychology,Beijing University,Beijing 100871)   

  • Published:2001-08-25 Online:2001-08-25

摘要: 通过三个实验 ,用语义联想集大小不同的中文单字词研究了靶项目联想集的大小与FOK判断等级和准确性的关系。实验一通过两种不同联想集大小的靶子 ,比较外显的、提取出的信息和内隐的、语义网络中固有的被激活信息量对FOK判断等级和FOK判断准确性是否有不同的影响。实验二和实验三通过不同的靶子呈现时间和学习遍数 ,比较不同的识记强度对不同大小联想集的靶子的FOK判断等级和FOK判断准确性的影响。实验结果表明 :FOK判断等级随外显的、提取出的信息总量的增多而增高 ,随内隐的、语义网络中固有的被激活信息量的增多而降低。FOK判断准确性随靶子本身的激活强度的增强而增高 ,随内隐的、语义网络中固有的被激活信息的激活强度的增强而降低 ,FOK判断准确性取决于这两种激活强度的综合作用

关键词: FOK判断, FOK判断等级, FOK判断准确性, 靶项目联想集

Abstract: FOK(Feeling of Knowing)judgment is one of the most important monitoring judgments of meta memory. Studies on FOK judgments focus on two aspects:rankings of FOK judgments and accuracy of FOK judgments. Based on the studies. Koriat(1993)proposed the Accessibility Model:the rankings of FOK judgments increase with increasing the amount of accessible information;the accuracy of FOK judgments increases with increase of the strength of accessible information. But,in 1998,Scheriber's studies indicated that the rankings of FOK judgments decreased with the increasing amount of implicit information that had preexisting connections to the targets. Why did the two studies produce contrary results?We think it was because Koriat's research studied the explicit and retrieved information,and Scheriber's research studied the implicit information that had preexisting connections to the targets. If we study the two kinds of information at the same time in the identical experiments,what results would appear? In addition,Scheriber's research only studied the rankings of FOK judgments,however the two kinds of accessible information will be how to influence the accuracy of FOK judgments? The present research aimed at studying these problems.\;In Experiment 1,the design is Within Stubject Design,two target set sizes were given in order to compare the influence of two kinds of the amount of accessible information on rankings and accuracy of FOK judgments,one was the explicit and retrieved information,the other was the implicit information which had preexisting connections to the targets.\;Experiment 2 and Experiment 3 were designed to investigate the influence of strength of activated information on the ranking and accuracy of FOK judgments by manipulating the presenting time and the learning times. In Experiment 2,the design was 2×2 Within Subject Design,the two factors were the target's presenting time (2s and 4s)and the target set sizes(big target set size and small target set size). In Experiment 3,the design was 2×2 Within Subject Design too,but for enhancing the strength of activated information,the two factors were the target's learning time(1 time and 2 times)and the target set sizes(big target set size and small target set size).\;Results showed that not only explicit information but also implicit information influenced the rankings of FOK judgments. The more the amount of explicit information was retrieved,the higher the rankings of FOK judgments were,however,the more the amount of implicit information was,the lower the rankings of FOK judgments were. The accuracy of FOK judgments was influenced by the strength of activated information. The strength of activated targets had favorable influence on the accuracy of FOK judgments. While the strength of activated implicit information had negative effect on the accuracy of FOK judgments.

Key words: FOK judgments, rankings of FOK judgments, accuracy of FOK judgments, target set size