ISSN 0439-755X
CN 11-1911/B
主办:中国心理学会
   中国科学院心理研究所
出版:科学出版社

心理学报 ›› 2001, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 73-78.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

自由讨论条件下群体决策质量的影响因素

郑全全;朱华燕   

  1. 浙江大学心理学系,浙江大学心理学系 杭州310028 ,杭州310028现为杭州电子工学院教师
  • 发布日期:2001-06-25 出版日期:2001-06-25
  • 通讯作者: 郑全全

FACTORS AFFECTING THE DECISION QUALITY IN UNSTRUCTURED DISCUSSION OF GROUPS

Zheng Quanquan Zhu Huayan (Department of Psychology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028)   

  • Online:2001-06-25 Published:2001-06-25

摘要: 通过实验室实验考察了自由讨论条件下群体决策质量的影响因素 ,并对Stasser所提出的信息取样模型进行了验证 ,结果发现 :( 1)部分证实Stasser的信息取样模型。在信息不分享的条件下 ,如果讨论前群体成员的偏好比较一致时 ,群体的确倾向于讨论分享信息和群体所偏好的候选人的信息 ;但如果讨论前的偏好不一致或任务难度较低时 ,这一结论难以成立。 ( 2 )自由讨论条件下 ,群体规模的增加会增加分享信息的讨论量 ,而对非分享信息的讨论程度则无显著影响。而在任务难度方面 ,只有任务难度较大的情况下才有分享信息的讨论优势

关键词: 自由讨论, 信息分享, 群体决策质量

Abstract: This article examined the factors that affected the decision quality in unstructured discussion of groups and tried to further confirm the information sampling model of group decision making proposed by Garold Stasser et al., which was done by simulated experiments in the laboratory. Two kinds of materials for experiments were used in this study. One was the profiles of three hypothetical candidates for student body president (less difficult decision level) and the other was the profiles of six hypothetical faculty candidates (high difficult decision level). Subjects met in three person groups (small size) or six person groups (large size) to decide which of the candidates was best suited for the position of student body president or would be the best person to teach English course. Each profile for candidate contained five positive, three neutral and one negative item. The actual items member in a group received were not identical, 1 33% of the total items was shared (each member received the same items) and the remained items were unshared (only one member received). 144 Zhejiang University undergraduates were involved in this study. Assignment to experimental conditions and to decision making groups within each condition was random. Subjects individually studied written descriptions of candidate profiles and then met to make the decision. Several questionnaires(such as preferences on a private questionnaire and questionnaire of free recall task) were fulfilled by subjects during pro and post discussion. The results showed:(1)Partially certified Stasser's information sampling model. When information that members held was not ample and if group member's preference before discussion was consistent, the group discussion tended to focus on information that members already shared before discussion and information that supported the predominant sentiment within the group. But if the preference before discussion was not consistent or if the task was relatively easy, this conclusion would not be confirmed. There might be two kinds of different ways through which the shared and unshared information affected group decision making. (2)In the unstructured discussion,only the discussion of shared information increased as group size increased and only when the task was more difficult could we find the preponderance of shared information. Variables of personality of members and culture might affect sampling information processes of group decision making also, which should be explored further.

Key words: unstructured discussion, shared information, decision quality of groups