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Abstract: This paper summarizes recent discussions in the psychologicalcircles of the Soviet Union on the theory of activity advanced by A. N.Leontiev. Three different views have emerged from the discussions:(1) those that support the theory; (2) those dissenting from thetheory and advocating its replacement by the theory of systemidentification;(3) those that neither support nor disagree with thetheory entirely. The discussions indicate that the theory ofactivity still commands a big following in the Soviet Union and thatA. N. Leontiev is generally recognized as one of the founders of Marxistpsychology in the Soviet Union who has made an important cont-ribution to Marxist psychology. The present discussions are not somuch a negation of his theory as an effort to replenish, revise, developand perfect it. The author goes on to point out: (1)Soviet psychologistshave no essential difference in taking Marxism as the basic methodologyin developing psychology; (2)Chinese psychologists have yet to developtheoretical discussions and contentions and foster their own theoreticiansin this field; (3)A primary need is to determine the direction of thedevelopment of psychology in China, and it is for this reason that weshould pay attention to studies of fundamental psychological theories.

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