协作者编码水平差异影响协作提取: fNIRS超扫描研究

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2026.1975

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究协作者编码水平差异影响协作记忆的加工机制, 本研究考察了协作组两位成员不同编码水平组合(语义+语义、知觉+知觉、语义+知觉)对协作提取效应的影响, 并使用近红外超扫描技术揭示其神经基础。结果发现, 在行为层面, 语义+语义及知觉+知觉的协作者组合均表现出协作抑制效应, 而语义+知觉的差异组合则消除了该效应, 并表现出协作后提取优势。在神经层面, 脑间同步结果显示, 差异编码组合在右侧额中回和右侧角回区域表现出显著高于相同编码组的脑间同步水平, 反映了大脑为协调差异化检索策略所付出的认知努力。进一步的格兰杰因果分析揭示, 在额中回→角回通路中, 存在由语义编码者主导的、知觉编码者追随的定向信息流。研究结果不仅为提取策略干扰假说提供了新的证据, 也为理解协作提取的神经机制提供了重要基础。

关键词: 协作记忆, 编码水平, 差异编码, 协作抑制, 脑间同步

Abstract: Collaborative retrieval refers to the joint recovery of encoded information by two or more individuals through social interaction. Although this process typically yields collaborative inhibition relative to nominal groups, it concurrently generates a post-collaborative facilitation effect that enhances subsequent individual retention. While previous studies have highlighted encoding level as a crucial moderating factor, they have predominantly focused on group-level manipulations rather than on the effects of within-group encoding disparities. By incorporating functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), this study investigated how such disparities influence inter-brain synchrony (IBS) and directional neural coupling, thereby revealing the leadership-followership dynamics and information transfer patterns during collaboration.
A total of 160 university students participated in a single-factor between-participants experiment. The study manipulated the encoding composition of dyads across three conditions: differential encoding (semantic + perceptual), homogeneous high-level encoding (semantic + semantic), and homogeneous low-level encoding (perceptual + perceptual), while matched nominal groups served as controls. The experimental stimuli comprised 32 neutral, low-frequency, two-character words balanced for grammatical category and structure. The procedure involved four phases: an encoding phase, distraction task, collaborative (or individual) retrieval phase, and secondary individual retrieval phase. During the collaborative retrieval phase, fNIRS hyperscanning was employed to record neural activity. This study primarily focused on the prefrontal cortex and right temporoparietal junction.
The behavioral results indicated that, compared with nominal groups, homogeneous dyads exhibited collaborative inhibition, whereas differential dyads (semantic + perceptual) effectively eliminated this inhibition and enhanced post-collaborative individual retrieval, particularly benefiting perceptual encoders. In terms of neural activity, the results showed that differential encoding strengthened IBS in the right middle frontal gyrus (BA10) and right angular gyrus (BA39), with this synchrony positively predicting post-collaborative retrieval accuracy. Granger causality results further revealed the directional characteristics of the IBS, demonstrating a significant information flow from semantic encoders to perceptual encoders in the differential condition. This suggests a leader−follower dynamic in which semantic encoders guided the retrieval process.
In summary, the present study demonstrated that differential encoding composition promotes deeper social interaction, effectively eliminating collaborative inhibition and fostering post-collaborative facilitation. Inter-brain synchrony serves as a critical neural mechanism underlying the establishment of a leader−follower dynamic, thereby facilitating the effective transfer of information from semantic to perceptual encoders. These results provide empirical support for the optimization of collaborative memory through within-group encoding disparities. This study offers a novel perspective on the role of encoding levels and contributes to a deeper understanding of complex social−cognitive processes from the perspective of interpersonal neuroscience.

Key words: collaborative memory, encoding level, differential encoding, collaborative inhibition, inter-brain synchrony

中图分类号:

B842

孙亚茹, 李冰冰, 段亚杰, 胡锦慧, 何洋, 陈宁, 刘伟. (2026). 协作者编码水平差异影响协作提取: fNIRS超扫描研究. 心理学报, 58(10), 1975-1989.

SUN Yaru, LI Bingbing, DUAN Yajie, HU Jinhui, HE Yang, CHEN Ning, LIU Wei. (2026). The impact of differences in collaborators' encoding levels on collaborative retrieval: An fNIRS hyperscanning study. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 58(10), 1975-1989.

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