创业激情的“错位”对创业努力和创业成瘾的机制

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2024.01568

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究基于身份控制理论, 通过两项内容接续的子研究, 深入探究创业激情的两个组成部分: 创业身份中心性和强烈积极情绪的不同匹配状态, 分别对创业努力和创业成瘾的影响, 以及其中的潜在机制。在研究1中, 对145名新创业者进行间隔6周, 连续8次的追踪调查。研究2使用来自不同背景的不同样本, 在再次验证研究1结果的同时, 引入自满感和焦虑感这两种成就情绪作为中介变量, 探究其潜在机制。(1)相较于身份中心性-积极情绪不匹配, 二者匹配时的创业努力较高, 创业成瘾较低。(2)相较于低身份中心性-低积极情绪, 高身份中心性-高积极情绪创业者的创业努力较高, 创业成瘾也较高。(3)相较于低身份中心性-高积极情绪, 高身份中心性-低积极情绪的创业者创业努力较高, 创业成瘾也较高。(4)身份中心性-积极情绪不匹配会通过自满感降低创业努力, 而通过焦虑感增强创业成瘾。结果回应了过往学者对创业身份中心性和强烈积极情绪二者间存在错位关系的呼吁, 对于理解创业努力和创业成瘾具有一定的理论借鉴意义。

关键词: 创业身份中心性, 强烈积极情绪, 创业努力, 创业成瘾, 成就情绪

Abstract: Entrepreneurial passion has always been an important topic of research in the field of entrepreneurship. Such passion consists of entrepreneurial identity centrality and intense positive feelings resulting from entrepreneurial experiences. Previous studies have reported that entrepreneurial identity centrality and intense positive feelings may not change synchronously over time, which may lead to either a state of fit or a state of misfit. Such a state of misfit may influence entrepreneurial efforts in different directions. Although a great deal of research has reported that both entrepreneurial identity centrality and intense positive feelings can enhance entrepreneurs' engagement and persistence in entrepreneurial activities, scholars have highlighted the potential negative effects of excessive commitment in the context of entrepreneurship, such as entrepreneurial addiction. Thus, this study, which is based on identity control theory and involves response surface analysis, aimed to elucidate the impacts of a misfit between entrepreneurial identity centrality and intense positive feelings on both entrepreneurial efforts and entrepreneurial addiction. Additionally, this study proposes and tests the possibility that contentment and anxiety mediate the relationships between a misfit between entrepreneurial identity centrality and intense positive feelings and both entrepreneurial efforts and entrepreneurial addiction, thus extending our understanding of this topic.
Study 1 employed 8 consecutive measurements to investigate 364 entrepreneurs who were in the process of starting their own businesses; these entrepreneurs were recruited from four provinces, i.e., Jilin, Shandong, Henan, and Liaoning, and a total of 145 people ultimately completed all the surveys. After the participants completed the baseline survey (which included questions regarding their personal information and entrepreneurial status), a follow-up questionnaire was distributed to the participants to measure their entrepreneurial identity centrality, intense positive feelings, entrepreneurial effort, and entrepreneurial addiction over the past 6 weeks. The effects of a misfit between entrepreneurial identity centrality and intense positive feelings on both entrepreneurial effort and entrepreneurial addiction were analysed via polynomial regression and response surface analysis, respectively. Study 2 focused on different sample of participants recruited from the four provinces (cities) of Zhejiang, Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Beijing; like Study 1, this study featured eight consecutive measurements, although it included additional measures of contentment and anxiety. In Study 2, we collected data from a total of 157 participants. In both studies, we used the same well-established scales to measure each variable. Moreover, some variables, such as sex, were controlled for in this study to mitigate their potential influence on the results of the study.
On the basis of identity control theory, Study 1 first explored the effects of a misfit between entrepreneurial identity centrality and intense positive feelings on both entrepreneurial effort and entrepreneurial addiction. The results of this study were consistent with our hypotheses, revealing that (1) entrepreneurial effort is higher and entrepreneurial addiction is lower in cases involving a fit between entrepreneurial identity centrality and intense positive feelings than in cases involving a misfit between these factors. (2) In cases involving a fit between entrepreneurial identity centrality and intense positive feelings, entrepreneurs who exhibit high identity centrality and high positive feelings report higher levels of entrepreneurial effort and entrepreneurial addiction than do entrepreneurs who exhibit low identity centrality and low positive feelings. (3) In situations involving a misfit between entrepreneurial identity centrality and intense positive feelings, entrepreneurs who exhibit high identity centrality and low positive feelings report higher levels of entrepreneurial effort and entrepreneurial addiction than do entrepreneurs who exhibit low identity centrality and high positive feelings. Study 2 investigated samples with different backgrounds and introduced two types of achievement emotions, i.e., contentment and anxiety, with the goal of exploring the underlying mechanisms in further detail while revalidating the results of Study 1. In addition, we tested a mediating hypothesis that proposes that a misfit between entrepreneurial identity centrality and intense positive feelings reduces entrepreneurial effort via contentment and enhances entrepreneurial addiction via anxiety.
Our study enhances our understanding of the complex relationships between two components of entrepreneurial passion (entrepreneurial identity centrality and intense positive feelings) and two components of entrepreneurial behaviour (entrepreneurial effort and entrepreneurial addiction). First, this research not only responds to calls for an understanding of the fit between the two components of entrepreneurial identity centrality and intense positive feelings but also integrates the fit perspective and identity control theory to highlight additional explanatory paths for changes in entrepreneurial effort. Second, this study focuses on the "dark side" of entrepreneurial behaviour and verifies that the centrality of entrepreneurial identity and the dislocation of strong positive emotions are important themes pertaining to entrepreneurial addiction. Finally, this investigation of outcome-oriented achievement emotions deepens our understanding of the relationships between a misfit between entrepreneurial identity centrality and intense positive feelings and both entrepreneurial efforts and entrepreneurial addiction.

Key words: entrepreneurial identity centrality, intense positive feelings, entrepreneurial effort, entrepreneurial addiction, achievement emotion

中图分类号:

B849: C93

李其容, 王春淼, 孙明慧. (2024). 创业激情的“错位”对创业努力和创业成瘾的机制. 心理学报, 56(11), 1568-1584.

LI Cirong, WANG Chunmiao, SUN Minghui. (2024). The mechanism underlying the effects of a “misfit” in terms of entrepreneurial passion on entrepreneurial effort and entrepreneurial addiction. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 56(11), 1568-1584.

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