心理学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (11): 1229-1243.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2019.01229 cstr: 32110.14.2019.01229
收稿日期:
2019-03-19
发布日期:
2019-09-24
出版日期:
2019-11-25
基金资助:
XIE Shushu1, ZHANG Jijia2(), ZHU Jun3
Received:
2019-03-19
Online:
2019-09-24
Published:
2019-11-25
摘要:
采用色环搜索单任务和双任务范式, 考察语言中区分蓝、绿的汉族和语言中蓝、绿混用的纳西族对蓝色和绿色的辨别是否存在颜色范畴知觉效应(Categorical perception, 以下简称为CP效应)。结果发现:(1)纳西族对蓝色和绿色的区分比汉族困难, 体现了语言的作用; (2)语言中蓝、绿混用的纳西族与语言中区分蓝、绿的汉族都出现显著的蓝绿CP效应; (3)两个民族被试的左视野的CP效应受到图形记忆次任务的显著干扰, 说明左视野的CP效应与右脑激活有关。整个研究表明, 颜色CP效应既存在普遍的知觉机制, 也存在语言驱动机制, 语言的作用存在直接效应。研究结果支持颜色词与颜色认知的相互作用理论。
中图分类号:
谢书书, 张积家, 朱君. (2019). 颜色范畴知觉效应发生在大脑两半球:来自纳西族和汉族的证据. 心理学报, 51(11), 1229-1243.
XIE Shushu, ZHANG Jijia, ZHU Jun. (2019). Categorical perception of color is significant both in the right visual field and the left: Evidence from Naxi speakers and Mandarin speakers. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 51(11), 1229-1243.
民族 | 反应 | 左视野 | 右视野 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
范畴间 | 范畴内 | 范畴间 | 范畴内 | ||
汉族 | 反应时 | 374 (90) | 402 (101) | 373 (87) | 394 (90) |
错误率 | 9.38 (10.49) | 20.31 (15.20) | 3.13 (6.72) | 10.94 (7.89) | |
纳西族 | 反应时 | 431 (132) | 535 (128) | 458 (185) | 511 (123) |
错误率 | 12.50 (11.39) | 27.69 (18.21) | 10.42 (13.44) | 19.27 (13.85) |
表1 被试搜索不同视野目标色块的平均反应时(ms)和错误率(%)
民族 | 反应 | 左视野 | 右视野 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
范畴间 | 范畴内 | 范畴间 | 范畴内 | ||
汉族 | 反应时 | 374 (90) | 402 (101) | 373 (87) | 394 (90) |
错误率 | 9.38 (10.49) | 20.31 (15.20) | 3.13 (6.72) | 10.94 (7.89) | |
纳西族 | 反应时 | 431 (132) | 535 (128) | 458 (185) | 511 (123) |
错误率 | 12.50 (11.39) | 27.69 (18.21) | 10.42 (13.44) | 19.27 (13.85) |
民族 | 反应 | 左视野CP效应量 | 右视野CP效应量 |
---|---|---|---|
汉族 | 反应时 | 28 (56) | 21 (62) |
错误率 | 10.93 (20.35) | 7.81 (10.31) | |
纳西族 | 反应时 | 104 (82) | 53 (161) |
错误率 | 15.19 (14.93) | 8.85 (15.05) |
表2 被试在左、右视野的反应时(ms)和错误率(%)CP效应量的平均值
民族 | 反应 | 左视野CP效应量 | 右视野CP效应量 |
---|---|---|---|
汉族 | 反应时 | 28 (56) | 21 (62) |
错误率 | 10.93 (20.35) | 7.81 (10.31) | |
纳西族 | 反应时 | 104 (82) | 53 (161) |
错误率 | 15.19 (14.93) | 8.85 (15.05) |
民族 | 反应 | 蓝-绿范畴判断 | 红-紫范畴判断 |
---|---|---|---|
汉族 | 反应时 | 366 (86) | 409 (121) |
错误率 | 9.13 (6.55) | 14.13 (10.70) | |
纳西族 | 反应时 | 431 (78) | 377 (82) |
错误率 | 29.03 (21.71) | 18.33 (10.25) |
表3 被试判断不同颜色范畴色块的平均反应时(ms)和错误率(%)
民族 | 反应 | 蓝-绿范畴判断 | 红-紫范畴判断 |
---|---|---|---|
汉族 | 反应时 | 366 (86) | 409 (121) |
错误率 | 9.13 (6.55) | 14.13 (10.70) | |
纳西族 | 反应时 | 431 (78) | 377 (82) |
错误率 | 29.03 (21.71) | 18.33 (10.25) |
民族 | 反应 | 左视野 | 右视野 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
范畴间 | 范畴内 | 范畴间 | 范畴内 | ||
汉族 | 反应时 | 482 (102) | 520 (100) | 418 (77) | 485 (83) |
错误率 | 9.16 (13.76) | 20.83 (13.92) | 3.33 (6.84) | 11.25 (11.24) | |
纳西族 | 反应时 | 528 (166) | 543 (129) | 431 (97) | 478 (132) |
错误率 | 21.88 (25.62) | 34.37 (17.97) | 11.46 (15.77) | 13.54 (11.74) |
表4 图形干扰任务下被试搜索不同视野目标色块的平均反应时(ms)和错误率(%)
民族 | 反应 | 左视野 | 右视野 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
范畴间 | 范畴内 | 范畴间 | 范畴内 | ||
汉族 | 反应时 | 482 (102) | 520 (100) | 418 (77) | 485 (83) |
错误率 | 9.16 (13.76) | 20.83 (13.92) | 3.33 (6.84) | 11.25 (11.24) | |
纳西族 | 反应时 | 528 (166) | 543 (129) | 431 (97) | 478 (132) |
错误率 | 21.88 (25.62) | 34.37 (17.97) | 11.46 (15.77) | 13.54 (11.74) |
民族 | 反应 | 左视野CP效应量 | 右视野CP效应量 |
---|---|---|---|
汉族 | 反应时 | 38 (64) | 67 (47) |
错误率 | 11.67 (18.26) | 7.92 (14.14) | |
纳西族 | 反应时 | 15 (102) | 47 (55) |
错误率 | 12.49 (16.49) | 2.08 (14.04) |
表5 被试在色环搜索-图形双任务中左、右视野的反应时(ms)和错误率(%)CP效应量的平均值
民族 | 反应 | 左视野CP效应量 | 右视野CP效应量 |
---|---|---|---|
汉族 | 反应时 | 38 (64) | 67 (47) |
错误率 | 11.67 (18.26) | 7.92 (14.14) | |
纳西族 | 反应时 | 15 (102) | 47 (55) |
错误率 | 12.49 (16.49) | 2.08 (14.04) |
民族 | 反应 | 左视野 | 右视野 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
范畴间 | 范畴内 | 范畴间 | 范畴内 | ||
汉族 | 反应时 | 466 (105) | 486 (108) | 436 (123) | 428 (105) |
错误率 | 14.82 (16.06) | 20.83 (12.54) | 12.03 (18.79) | 12.96 (14.36) | |
纳西族 | 反应时 | 538 (181) | 544 (136) | 464 (120) | 490 (86) |
错误率 | 24.60 (20.15) | 28.97 (20) | 14.29 (19.92) | 17.86 (17.73) |
表6 言语任务干扰下被试搜索不同视野目标色块的平均反应时(ms)和错误率(%)
民族 | 反应 | 左视野 | 右视野 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
范畴间 | 范畴内 | 范畴间 | 范畴内 | ||
汉族 | 反应时 | 466 (105) | 486 (108) | 436 (123) | 428 (105) |
错误率 | 14.82 (16.06) | 20.83 (12.54) | 12.03 (18.79) | 12.96 (14.36) | |
纳西族 | 反应时 | 538 (181) | 544 (136) | 464 (120) | 490 (86) |
错误率 | 24.60 (20.15) | 28.97 (20) | 14.29 (19.92) | 17.86 (17.73) |
民族 | 反应 | 左视野CP效应量 | 右视野CP效应量 |
---|---|---|---|
汉族 | 反应时 | 20 (58) | -8 (86) |
错误率 | 6.01 (12.72) | 0.93 (4.53) | |
纳西族 | 反应时 | 6 (142) | 26 (98) |
错误率 | 4.37 (18.23) | 3.57 (8.24) |
表7 被试在色环搜索-言语双任务中左、右视野的反应时(ms)和错误率(%)CP效应量的平均值
民族 | 反应 | 左视野CP效应量 | 右视野CP效应量 |
---|---|---|---|
汉族 | 反应时 | 20 (58) | -8 (86) |
错误率 | 6.01 (12.72) | 0.93 (4.53) | |
纳西族 | 反应时 | 6 (142) | 26 (98) |
错误率 | 4.37 (18.23) | 3.57 (8.24) |
民族 | 反应 | 左视野 | 右视野 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
单任务 | 图形干扰 双任务 | 言语干扰 双任务 | 单任务 | 图形干扰 双任务 | 言语干扰 双任务 | ||
汉族 | 反应时(ms) | 28 | 38 | 20 | 21 | 67 | -8 |
错误率(%) | 10.93 | 11.67 | 6.01 | 7.81 | 7.92 | 0.93 | |
纳西族 | 反应时(ms) | 104 | 15 | 6 | 53 | 47 | 26 |
错误率(%) | 15.19 | 12.49 | 4.37 | 8.85 | 2.08 | 3.57 |
表8 被试在三种任务条件下左、右视野的范畴知觉效应量
民族 | 反应 | 左视野 | 右视野 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
单任务 | 图形干扰 双任务 | 言语干扰 双任务 | 单任务 | 图形干扰 双任务 | 言语干扰 双任务 | ||
汉族 | 反应时(ms) | 28 | 38 | 20 | 21 | 67 | -8 |
错误率(%) | 10.93 | 11.67 | 6.01 | 7.81 | 7.92 | 0.93 | |
纳西族 | 反应时(ms) | 104 | 15 | 6 | 53 | 47 | 26 |
错误率(%) | 15.19 | 12.49 | 4.37 | 8.85 | 2.08 | 3.57 |
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