Abstract: Bilingual cognition advantage effect is not only found in the studies of language domain, but also in non-language domains which mainly based on cognition control, attention selection and inhibition. The age of acquisition of second language and bilingual proficiency were the two most important factors to influence this effect among various factors in many ways. Research shows that the language mechanism of bilingual cognition advantage is bilingual representation and production mechanism, and its neural basis is the frontal cortex of which the Broca as the core region. Further study will deeply focus on the inner language mechanism and neural physiological basis of bilingual cognition advantage, in addition to that, the relationship between bilingual cognition and the development of individual emotion and personality should be more concerned.

Key words: bilingual, Bilingual cognition advantage effect, the age of acquisition, proficiency of bilingual