ISSN 1671-3710
CN 11-4766/R
主办:中国科学院心理研究所
出版:科学出版社

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昼夜节律对认知功能的特异性调控

闫凯凯, 郭博文, 陈星, 毛天欣, 饶恒毅   

  1. 上海外国语大学国际工商管理学院, 上海 201600 中国
    上海市脑机协同信息行为重点实验室, 上海 201600 中国
    上海外国语大学磁共振成像研究中心, 上海 201600 中国
    中国科学技术大学人文与社会科学学院, 安徽 230026 中国
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-16 修回日期:2026-02-14 接受日期:2026-03-25
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金专项项目(32441108); 国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(32200889); 上海外国语大学校级重大项目(2021114002)

The Circadian Rhythm and its Specific Regulation on Cognitive Function

YAN Kaikai, GUO Bowen, CHEN Xing, MAO Tianxin, RAO Hengyi   

  1. , 201600, China
    , 230026, China
  • Received:2025-09-16 Revised:2026-02-14 Accepted:2026-03-25

摘要: 昼夜节律是生物体内源性的近24小时计时系统,可调控多种认知功能。在节律低谷期,认知表现通常降低,高峰期则有所恢复,且不同功能展现出时序差异。现有研究多未区分其内在驱动机制,难以系统阐释不同认知功能的特异性调节,并缺乏相关神经证据。本文旨在区分不同机制驱动的昼夜节律效应,探讨各机制对认知功能的差异化影响,并从神经机制层面解释其特异性。未来应发展融合多模态数据与个体差异的计算神经模型,制定基于关键时间窗的光干预策略,结合时域干涉电刺激等技术揭示节律-认知因果机制,为节律紊乱人群提供精准认知保护方案。

关键词: 昼夜节律, 睡眠-觉醒双过程模型, 认知功能

Abstract: The circadian rhythm is an endogenous ~24-hour timing system that regulates various cognitive functions. Cognitive performance is typically impaired during the circadian trough and improves during the peak, and distinct cognitive domains exhibit unique temporal patterns. Existing research often fails to differentiate the underlying driving mechanisms, faces difficulties in a systematic explanation of the specific regulation of different cognitive functions, and lacks relevant neurophysiological evidence. This article aims to distinguish circadian effects driven by different mechanisms, explore their differential impacts on cognitive functions, and elucidate their specificity from a neurobiological perspective. Future research should develop computational neural models that incorporate multimodal data and individual differences, formulate light intervention strategies based on key time windows, and combine techniques such as temporal interference electrical stimulation to reveal the causal mechanisms linking rhythm to cognition, ultimately to develop precise cognitive preservation interventions for populations with circadian rhythm disorders.

Key words: circadian rhythm, two-process model of sleep-wake regulation, cognitive function