心理科学进展 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (7): 1536-1545.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2022.01536
收稿日期:
2021-05-10
出版日期:
2022-07-15
发布日期:
2022-05-17
通讯作者:
孟泽龙
E-mail:declan_meng@163.com
基金资助:
JIANG Jiali, LI Liyan, LI Ziying, LEI Xiuya, MENG Zelong()
Received:
2021-05-10
Online:
2022-07-15
Published:
2022-05-17
Contact:
MENG Zelong
E-mail:declan_meng@163.com
摘要:
非自杀性自伤是指个体在没有自杀意图的情况下故意伤害自己的身体,且不被社会所认可的行为,是个体未来自杀意图、自杀行为以及长期心理障碍等问题的重要风险因素。青少年作为高发人群,非自杀性自伤行为会对其身心健康造成严重危害,且具有明显的社会“传染”效应。因此了解对青少年非自杀性自伤行为的持续或停止具有预测作用的因素,有助于为该行为的早期预防及干预提供新视角。
通过梳理国内外采用纵向追踪、回溯性研究等方法的相关文献,并基于Nock的整合理论模型,将青少年非自杀性自伤行为的持续或停止具有预测作用的因素划分为生理机制、个人特质和社会因素三类。在生理机制上,青少年非自杀性自伤行为的持续或停止存在一定的神经生物学基础,如当青少年体内的β-内啡肽水平、杏仁核-额叶之间的静息态功能连接(RSFC)处于异常状态时,个体为恢复体内平衡,可能会对非自杀性自伤行为产生依赖,进而将该行为持续下去。在个人特质上,情绪调节存在缺陷的青少年更易出现并维持非自杀性自伤行为,而善于接受自己的情绪反应且能够使用适应性情绪调节策略的青少年在未来更易停止该行为;具有边缘型人格障碍、冲动型人格特征、低自尊水平、高自我批评与自我惩罚水平等特点的青少年通常会在较长时间内持续非自杀性自伤行为,相反,具有高自尊水平、对逆境持积极信念、低自我惩罚水平等特点的青少年则更可能停止该行为;青少年所依赖的非自杀性自伤功能也会影响该行为的发展进程,因自我功能(如情绪调节、自我惩罚等)而依赖于非自杀性自伤的青少年有很大的可能性长时间维持这一行为,而因人际功能(如引起他人关注、融入群体等)而依赖于非自杀性自伤的青少年在一段时间后更有可能停止该行为。在社会因素上,如同伴欺凌、不良家庭关系等风险因素可能会削弱个体应对痛苦的能力,进而诱发或加剧青少年的非自杀性自伤行为,反之,有效的社会支持资源(如同伴支持、家庭支持、心理咨询与治疗等)则有助于青少年非自杀性自伤行为的停止。
目前国内外相关研究多集中于非自杀性自伤行为的流行、研究方法、相关影响因素和功能等领域,对非自杀性自伤行为持续或停止的理论和实践探讨相对较少,未来相关研究应注意采用多样化的研究方法及非自杀性自伤行为测量技术,拓展研究领域(如性格、认知取向等),同时还应关注不同的年龄群体及文化背景差异,以进一步明确对非自杀性自伤行为发展进程具有显著预测作用的风险因素和保护性因素,并深入探究各因素之间的交互作用。
中图分类号:
蒋家丽, 李立言, 李子颖, 雷秀雅, 孟泽龙. (2022). 青少年非自杀性自伤行为持续和停止的预测性因素. 心理科学进展 , 30(7), 1536-1545.
JIANG Jiali, LI Liyan, LI Ziying, LEI Xiuya, MENG Zelong. (2022). Predictors of continuation and cessation of non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents. Advances in Psychological Science, 30(7), 1536-1545.
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