公平规范执行中内群体偏爱的心理发展机制

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2021.02091

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

如何揭示群体规范和公平价值在个体心理发展中的作用机理, 提升儿童-青少年在群际互动当中的公平感知与规范执行, 是教育心理领域的关键问题。公平规范执行中内群体偏爱现象是近年来的研究热点之一, 然而先前研究存在以下不足：1)大多采用问卷法, 易受社会赞许性的影响, 存在言行不一致的情况; 2)大多采用情景实验, 聚焦社会互动的最终行为输出端, 无法实时有效地把握社会决策的动态进程; 3)脑成像研究仍以fMRI技术为主, 侧重于评估认知加工潜在的脑区激活模式及各脑区间的功能连接, 缺乏对群际公平规范执行中大脑激活动态模式的精确把握。针对这些不足, 本项目从资产分配情景出发, 以儿童和青少年为研究对象, 联合运用认知、行为、眼动和电生理等多层次测评手段, 对公平规范执行中内群体偏爱的发生过程进行认知解析, 探讨认知控制和心智化在其间的关键作用机制及其心理发展轨迹。研究结果将服务于中小学管理中的德育教育, 引导与培养学生的公正感与行为。

关键词: 公平规范执行, 内群体偏爱, 心理发展, 认知控制, 心智化

Abstract:

To improve the fairness perception and norm enforcement of children and adolescents in inter-group interactions, it is an essential issue in the field of educational psychology about how to reveal the interactive mechanism of group norms and fairness values during individuals' psychological development. Although in-group favoritism during fairness norm enforcement is an important topic in psychology, three main limitations need to be addressed. First, most studies use questionnaires, which are easily affected by social participation. Second, most of the research uses scenario experiments with an emphasis on the final behavioral output of social interaction while failing to effectively grasp the dynamic process of social decision-making. Finally, electroencephalogram (EEG) studies with the high temporal resolution are still lacking to reveal the dynamic process of the brain. This project aims to clarify these issues by employing a cognitive neuroscience method. Specifically, multilevel techniques, including self-reported, cognitive-behavioral, eye-tracking, and electrophysiological techniques, were used to examine the mechanism behind in-group favoritism of fairness norm enforcement from childhood to adolescence. We intend to explore the developmental process, reveal the key role of cognitive control, mentalizing, and describe their psychological development trajectory. Findings will support moral education in primary and secondary schools, and cultivate students' sense of justice and behavior.

Key words: fairness norm enforcement, ingroup favoritism, psychological development, cognitive control, mentalizing

中图分类号:

B849: C91

张振, 李海文, 熊建萍, 赵辉, 刘瑞雪, 齐春辉. (2021). 公平规范执行中内群体偏爱的心理发展机制. 心理科学进展 , 29(12), 2091-2104.

ZHANG Zhen, LI Haiwen, XIONG Jianping, ZHAO Hui, LIU Ruixue, QI Chunhui. (2021). Psychological development mechanism of in-group favoritism during fairness norm enforcement. Advances in Psychological Science, 29(12), 2091-2104.

图/表 4

图1 公平规范执行的心理发展(A)及其神经心理学框架(B)

图2 认知控制与心智化的中介模型

图3 研究框架示意图

图4 外群体互动中UG (a)、mini-UG (b)和TPPG (c)任务的实验流程图

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