职场变革情境下的工作与工余塑造: 基于自我认同理论的双路径模型

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2021.00773

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

工作非一成不变。即使组织借助工作设计设定了特定职位的工作内容和工作方式, 员工也会出于维护积极自我形象、控制感和与人建立联结的核心需求而开展工作塑造——主动调整对工作的认识、工作任务和人际交往——从而获得自我价值感和意义感。尽管工作塑造的前因后效研究已较充分, 但较少研究触及自我认同这一核心。鉴于此, 本研究以自我认同理论为主线, 探寻当个体面临重大外部挑战时, 如何通过自我提升与自我防御两种机制应对环境变革, 进而借助工作塑造及工余塑造完成自我认同的重构。通过4个研究探讨消除自我认同威胁作为自我防御机制, 把握自我成长机会作为自我提升机制, 揭示工作环境重大变革激发个体自我塑造行为的中介机制; 基于压力应对的认知评价模型, 探讨个体特征在初级评估阶段, 组织情境特征在次级评价阶段的调节效应; 开展现场干预研究, 探讨结合自我建构进行工作塑造的效果。本项目将工作塑造和自我认同重新连结起来, 构建了工作环境变革情境下个体自我塑造的双路径模型, 以望对两个领域均有贡献。

关键词: 工作塑造, 工余塑造, 自我认同, 工作设计

Abstract:

Job crafting is defined as the self-initiated behaviors that employees take to shape, mold, and change their jobs. The motivation for job crafting arises from three individual needs which are needs for control, positive image, and connection at work. Surprisingly, although there are nearly 150 studies focusing on job crafting, few of them have investigated the critical role of self-identity. Drawing from the self-identity theory, the current proposal aims to explore what challenges individuals will confront when the ways work gets done have changed fundamentally. A research agenda is articulated to reveal the mediating roles of self- enhancement and self-protection through which individuals adopt to effectively manage those challenges so as to survive or thrive in this changing workplace. Based on the job crafting model, a research framework is developed to demonstrate how job crafting and leisure crafting serve as the dual process in turning those challenges into surviving and thriving. Furthermore, it’s supposed that individual dispositions (e.g., regulatory focus, goal orientation, and work motivation) and the situational characteristic (e.g., situational strength and job autonomy) function as the boundary conditions for such effects. Furthermore, an intervention design is proposed to cross-validate whether self-identity-based training is effective in fostering self crafting and bringing in positive outcomes.

Key words: job crafting, leisure crafting, self-identity, job design

中图分类号:

B849: C93

林琳. (2021). 职场变革情境下的工作与工余塑造: 基于自我认同理论的双路径模型. 心理科学进展 , 29(5), 773-786.

LIN Lin. (2021). Crafting for the changing workplace: A dual pathway model of job crafting and leisure crafting based on self-identity theory. Advances in Psychological Science, 29(5), 773-786.

图/表 1

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