如何解决团队创新悖论?基于成员认知风格“组型”与“构型”视角的探究

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2021.00001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

如何提升团队创新绩效?这是近年来管理实践界与学术界共同关注的热门话题。鉴于创新是一项兼具“探索”与“利用”双元特征的活动, 懂得如何平衡二者之间的悖论关系就成为提升团队创新绩效的关键。基于成员认知风格的微观视角, 从“组型”与“构型”两方面探索了解决这一悖论关系的方法。具体而言：(1)成员认知风格组型与团队领导行为之间的互补效应有助于解决团队创新悖论; (2)在合理的“成员认知风格-工作角色要求”构型基础上, 营造良好的团队协作氛围, 有助于解决团队创新悖论。进一步地, 还基于阴阳哲学思想研究了解决团队创新悖论的内在机制。为论证相关理论命题, 将开展三个研究模块, 采用定量与定性相结合的研究方法对提出的研究模型进行检验。相关发现不仅有助于丰富从微观视角研究团队创新前因、悖论管理方法的理论成果, 还将为企业的创新管理实践提供建议。

关键词: 创新悖论, 团队双元性, 认知风格, 团队组型, 团队构型

Abstract:

In recent years, “How to improve team innovative performance?” is a popular topic in both management practice and academia fields. Because innovation is an ambidextrous activity including both “exploration” and “exploitation”, understanding how to balance the paradoxical relationship between them is crucial to improve team innovative performance. Based on a micro-perspective of team members’ cognitive styles, “compositional approach” and “configurational approach” were adopted to explore how to reconcile this kind of paradox. Specifically, (1) the complementary effects between members’ cognitive composition and team leader behaviors will contribute to the reconciliation of team innovation paradox; (2) an appropriate “members’ cognitive styles-work role requirements” configuration incorporated with a high level of team coordination climate will be useful to reconcile team innovation paradox. Further, based on the ideology of yin-yang philosophy, the mechanism embedded in the process of reconciling team innovation paradox was also studied. To justify the relevant theoretical propositions, three sub-projects will be conducted to examine the proposed research model with both quantitative and qualitative methods. The findings will not only enrich two streams of literature regarding exploration of the antecedents of team innovation and the approaches to management paradox from a micro perspective, but also provide suggestions on the innovation management practices of companies.

Key words: innovation paradox, team ambidexterity, cognitive style, team composition, team configuration

中图分类号:

B849:C93

赵锴, 向姝婷. (2021). 如何解决团队创新悖论?基于成员认知风格“组型”与“构型”视角的探究. 心理科学进展 , 29(1), 1-18.

ZHAO Kai, XIANG Shuting. (2021). How to reconcile team innovation paradox? An explorative study from the perspectives of members’ cognitive style “composition” and “configuration”. Advances in Psychological Science, 29(1), 1-18.

图/表 6

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研究视角	主要变量及其影响效果	典型研究案例
团队结构	目标/任务相互依赖性(正向); 团队规模(正向); 团队年龄(正向)	Gilson和Shalley (2004); Tjosvold等(2004); West和Anderson (1996); 王艳子等(2014)
团队组型	职能多样性(混合); 专长多样性(正向); 认知风格组型(混合)	Miron-Spektor等(2011); Shin和Zhou (2007); Somech和Drach-Zahavy (2013)
团队领导	变革型领导(混合); 交易型领导(混合); 初始结构设定(正向)	Boerner等(2007); Eisenbeiss等(2008); Jaussi和Dionne (2003); 汤超颖等(2011)
团队氛围	反思氛围(正向); 参与安全感(正向); 创新支持(正向); 共同愿景(正向); 冲突氛围(混合)	Gilson和Shalley (2004); Jansen等(2008); Pearce和Ensley (2004)
团队过程	信息交换(正向); 团队参与(正向); 即性创作(正向); 冲突管理(正向); 沟通(正向); 团队反思(正向); 团队边界活动(正向)	De Dreu (2006); Keller (2001); Schippers等(2015); Somech和Khalaili (2014); Vera和Crossan (2005); West等(2003)
交互效应	创新人格特质与从众压力(混合); 职能异质性与领导风格(混合); 目标导向与对领导的信任(混合)	Goncalo和Duguid (2012); Gong等(2013); Somech (2006)

研究视角	主要变量及其影响效果	典型研究案例
团队结构	目标/任务相互依赖性(正向); 团队规模(正向); 团队年龄(正向)	Gilson和Shalley (2004); Tjosvold等(2004); West和Anderson (1996); 王艳子等(2014)
团队组型	职能多样性(混合); 专长多样性(正向); 认知风格组型(混合)	Miron-Spektor等(2011); Shin和Zhou (2007); Somech和Drach-Zahavy (2013)
团队领导	变革型领导(混合); 交易型领导(混合); 初始结构设定(正向)	Boerner等(2007); Eisenbeiss等(2008); Jaussi和Dionne (2003); 汤超颖等(2011)
团队氛围	反思氛围(正向); 参与安全感(正向); 创新支持(正向); 共同愿景(正向); 冲突氛围(混合)	Gilson和Shalley (2004); Jansen等(2008); Pearce和Ensley (2004)
团队过程	信息交换(正向); 团队参与(正向); 即性创作(正向); 冲突管理(正向); 沟通(正向); 团队反思(正向); 团队边界活动(正向)	De Dreu (2006); Keller (2001); Schippers等(2015); Somech和Khalaili (2014); Vera和Crossan (2005); West等(2003)
交互效应	创新人格特质与从众压力(混合); 职能异质性与领导风格(混合); 目标导向与对领导的信任(混合)	Goncalo和Duguid (2012); Gong等(2013); Somech (2006)

比较项目	结构双元性	时间区隔双元性	情境双元性
悖论协调方式	设置不同的单元, 分别从事探索型/利用型活动的一种	在不同的时间段, 分别完成探索型/利用型活动的一种	依靠成员的认知能力同时协调探索型/利用型活动
创新任务特征	任务易于拆分为不同模块	任务可依据时间节点来分割	任务整体性强, 难以分割
领导行为要求	设置组织结构, 针对不同的单元采用不同的领导方式	根据创新任务的周期性安排, 调整自身的领导方式	营造能够让个体同时发挥双元能力的工作情境
工作角色要求	角色清晰, 任务明确	角色清晰, 但会随着时间发生变化	角色模糊, 相对灵活
员工认知能力	稳定的认知能力, 善于探索型/利用型活动的一种即可	柔性的认知能力, 可随着任务性质的改变而变化	同时兼顾探索型活动与利用型活动的认知能力

比较项目	结构双元性	时间区隔双元性	情境双元性
悖论协调方式	设置不同的单元, 分别从事探索型/利用型活动的一种	在不同的时间段, 分别完成探索型/利用型活动的一种	依靠成员的认知能力同时协调探索型/利用型活动
创新任务特征	任务易于拆分为不同模块	任务可依据时间节点来分割	任务整体性强, 难以分割
领导行为要求	设置组织结构, 针对不同的单元采用不同的领导方式	根据创新任务的周期性安排, 调整自身的领导方式	营造能够让个体同时发挥双元能力的工作情境
工作角色要求	角色清晰, 任务明确	角色清晰, 但会随着时间发生变化	角色模糊, 相对灵活
员工认知能力	稳定的认知能力, 善于探索型/利用型活动的一种即可	柔性的认知能力, 可随着任务性质的改变而变化	同时兼顾探索型活动与利用型活动的认知能力